ABSTRACT
Two groups of minority peoples live in Vietnam, one in the uplands and the other in the lowlands. e uplanders live in the cool, mountainous areas bordering Cambodia, Laos, and China, where sources of water are few; the lowlanders live alongside the majority Viet and have easier access to rivers and the sea. Each group has created particular musical expressions. Lowlanders are mainly the Khmer, the Chăm, and the Hoa (Chinese). A small number of Hoa live in the areas bordering China, but larger groups of them settled as businesspeople in the south during the 1800s.
