ABSTRACT
In all three universities, new types of partnerships emerged in the last 20 years beyond small research contract relationships. Table 7-1 shows an interesting contrast in that, whereas at MIT all types of partnerships emerged and became prevalent, in Cambridge and Tokyo, the range of partnerships that emerged were somewhat limited. For instance, in Cambridge, multiple company partnerships were far less common than in the other two places, and only one educational partnership emerged. In Tokyo, while endowed chairs proliferated, strategic partnership initiatives did not feature prominently nor were there any educational partnerships.
