ABSTRACT
In all three countries and in all three universities there has been a significant increase in the volume of partnerships. However, more significant has been the differences in the nature and frequency of partnerships across the three settings. At MIT, many types of partnerships have been formed and regularly scaled up; many of them have become organizational templates, which others have replicated. In Cambridge and Tokyo, some types of partnerships did not develop as frequently as they did in MIT, nor were they scaled up or replicated. There were also significant differences in the depth of engagement.
