ABSTRACT
This traditional route strictly compartmentalizes design and construction as separate activities. The consequential contractual aspects of this separation in the process are considered by many to be the reason the construction industry has been dogged with problems as projects have become more demanding in terms of time and cost performance. Simply put, the traditional route provided for the designer to define the what (design), how and whom (detail and specification), and the builder utilized his or her workforce craft skills (quality) in the best sequential way (programme and time) to efficiently manage the process (time).
