ABSTRACT
Many photographs are made with view cameras with the front and back in their zero positions, including typical studio portraits and landscapes. View cameras can be rotated in a similar way when using a pan-tilt tripod head that has both longitudinal and lateral tilt capabilities or when using a ball-joint tilt attachment. Much of the quality and precision built into a camera by the manufacturer may be wasted by carelessness in the way the camera is used or a lack of knowledge of the principles involved. Because focusing a camera seems so simple and straightforward it is not always given the attention it deserves. The vertical shift and the horizontal shift alter the position of the image on the ground glass and the film without affecting image shape or the angle of the plane of sharp focus. The long focal length lenses and close objects limit the control that can be exercised over the plane of sharp focus.
