ABSTRACT
When a pure tone of mid frequency is increased in power by ten times, the tone will subjectively approximately double in loudness. This ten times power increase is represented by a unit called a bel. One tenth of that power increase is represented by a decibel (dB) and it just so happens that onedecibel represents the smallest mean detectable change in level that can be heard on a pure tone at mid frequencies. Ten decibels (one bel) represents a doubling or halving of loudness. However, the terms ‘pure tone’ and ‘mid frequencies’ are all-important here. Figure 2.1 shows two representations of equal loudness contours for human hearing. Each higher line represents a doubling of subjective loudness. It can be seen from the plots that at the frequency extremes the lines converge showing that, especially at low frequencies, smaller changes than 10 dB can be perceived to double or halve the loudness. This is an important fact that will enter the discussions many times during the course of this book.
