ABSTRACT
Estonian (native name from the nineteenth-century eesti keel, formerly maakeel) is spoken by about 1 million Estonians, mainly in Estonia but also in Russia (mainly by descendants of resettlers of the end of the nineteenth century), and in Sweden, Canada, the United States, and Australia (mainly by refugees from Nazi and Soviet terror and by their descendants). There have been some South Estonian enclaves also in Latvia and in Russia; the Leivu enclave in Ilzene and the Lutsi enclave in Ludza, Latvia, did not become extinct until the twentieth century.
