ABSTRACT
Japan has a unique system in which employees sharing corporate risk control their companies. Compared with companies in the Western nations, therefore, Japanese companies have extremely few management constraints from shareholders, horizontally organized labor unions, or other external influences, and have almost complete freedom in corporate management. Also, because there is no structure in Japanese companies like the duality of interests that leads to confrontations between management and labor and divides Western companies, corporate employees are able to unite in the pursuit of corporate growth and development.
