ABSTRACT
THE political conflicts of the reign of John Lackland (1199-1216) and Henry III (1216-1272) form one of the most important, most complicated, and most controversial chapters in the history of England. We cannot hope to deal with all their vicissitudes here. We are only interested in placing the advantages won by the opposition in their proper perspective. Their character has been misrepresented by English historians of the Victorian age but their modern successors have cleared the way for an objective synthesis.
