ABSTRACT

Preliminary Remarks Having read the articles in this section carefully, I resist the temptation to say: 'You have not done the right studies because you posed other questions and used other methods than I would have done.' The authors have done valuable work and performed very useful experiments. Like all research, the investigations offer limited results, not a total solution to the problems of 'historical learning' and 'historical consciousness'. In the tradition of cognitive psychology and learning psychology, usually special problems are isolated and investigated by alternating one or two parameters in a 'laboratory situation', while keeping unchanged the rest of the circumstances ('ceteris paribus').