ABSTRACT
God and of man, and written by the French clergyman for the benefit of his pupil, the son of Louis XIV of France.2 Though his teachers emphasized the superiority of Christianity, meaning the Roman Catholic faith, this emphasis was apparently free from bigotry and intolerance, for at the time the Brazilian Church showed much breadth of view.s In fact, as has been said before, the Marquez definitely stipulated that his pupil must be made to realize the importance of tolerance towards other peoples, regardless of their religion and form of government. Furthermore, he was not to be shielded from facts which might jeopardize his religious views. Instead, he was to be made to see that "religion and politics are in harmony, and that both are in accord with all science.m
Dom Pedro, who was tolerant by nature as well as by training, developed the attitude towards religion that his tutor desired. In the early years of his reign he was orthodox according to the teachings of the Church at the time, but open-minded and friendly towards other faiths. Further reading and study and, more especially, travel abroad, stimulated him to greater religious liberalism. Apparently Alexandre Herculano was one of the earliest outside influences in this direction. In 1846, Herculano published the first volume of his history of Portugal, which discredited the story that Christ appeared to Alphonso III in the battle of Ourique. From pulpit and press the historian was denounced for his impiety. Finally, in 1850, he replied in a letter to the cardinal patriarch of Lisbon which he published under the title Eu e 0 clero (1 and the Clergy). This provoked a bitter pamphlet war, which resulted in Herculano's becoming an anti-clerical who differentiated between political Roman Catholicism and the Christian religion. He also championed
civil marriage, setting forth his views in his Estudos sobre 0 casamento civil, which the Church put on the Index.
