ABSTRACT
The Mandarin aspect marker -њ le is a verb suffix. When it attaches to the verb, the structure V-le indicates that the action by the verb is completed. The com pletion of the action signified by -le refers to a time either in the past or in the future. See examples 28a-c. Note that sentences with V-le may be expressed in English by the past, the present perfect, or the future perfect tenses.
