ABSTRACT
THE process by which one craft gained the ascendancy over another was, as we have seen, not confined in its effects to their external relations, but was accompanied by a modification of internal structure on both sides, and especially on the side of the dominant craft. Within such an organization there had taken place a separation into two distinct classes, arising from a differentiation of function exactly similar to that which, as we have shown, had produced the subordination of one craft to another. This internal aspect of the development needs now to be separately considered; in the first place because it is to be found in a number of cases independently of any domination of other crafts; and in the second place because it exhibits more clearly and directly the gradual transformation of the handicraft gild into a different type of industrial organization.
