ABSTRACT
The second line of expansion from the small independent shop which has been taken by large-scale retailing in this country is represented by the multiple branch organisation. In this instance the retail unit, which may vary considerably in size both in the same chain and in different chains, is multiplied in a number of different shopping areas either locally or nationally, and the resulting multiple organisation is controlled by one central management. Within this genus there are three important species which will be dealt with separately.
