ABSTRACT
English and Scottish philanthropists had some degree of success in their attempt to cast ‘fallen’ women as suitable objects of charity. The first female penitentiaries began to appear in the late eighteenth century. The first was the Magdalene Hospital which opened in London in 1758, followed by the Lock Asylum (1787), the London Female Penitentiary (1807), the Maritime Penitent Refuge (1829), and the London Society for the Protection of Young Females and Prevention of Juvenile Prostitution (1835). 1 By 1900 there were over seventy female refuges throughout the United Kingdom, of which at least twenty were in Scotland. 2
