ABSTRACT
This chapter examines the type of promotion and the suggestion that which is designated by the term propaganda. The word is derived from the Latin verb propagare, meaning to propagate, generate, or reproduce. This however, implied not merely a natural, but a stimulated or forced, generation. The deliberate manipulation of words and other symbols with a view to changing opinions and attitudes and ultimately actions, however, is as old as written history. As a result of this divergence of meaning among workers in social psychology, political science, and related fields, and because it has acquired a morally negative meaning, the term propaganda has lost much of its usefulness as a tool of description and analysis. Hartmanns findings are similar in meaning to those of H. D. Lasswell and D. Blumen-stock that is shown the ideas labeled fascist or communist induce negative reactions, whereas the same ideas not so labeled may secure a ready verbal acceptance.
