ABSTRACT
List's doctrines of balanced economic growth, productive forces, industrialisation, and tariffs, as well as his views on the unification and expansion of Germany survived long after his death. In 1847 the free traders in England were alarmed at the growth of the protectionist movement in south Germany. 1 But before long the German protectionists were fighting a rearguard action and in 1875 Ludwig Bamberger could claim that in Germany there was "no school, no teacher, and no doctrine which advocated protective tariffs".2 But List and his writings had not been forgotten. In his wife's lifetime - she died in 1866 - Ludwig Hausser wrote a biography of List and issued a new edition of The National System of Political Economy, 3 English and French translations were made of this work,4 and in 1860 extracts from it were published in Australia with a recommendation from the editor that Victoria should adopt a policy of protection.5 A statue of List was erected in Reutlingen in 18636 and a few years later Eugen Diihring, a lecturer at the University of Berlin, declared that List's doctrines represented "the first real advance" in economics since the publication of The Wealth of Nations. 7
In the last quarter of the nineteenth century a revival of the protectionist movement led to a renewal of interest in List's writings. German reprints of The National System of Political Economy appeared in 1877 and 1883,8 a new English translation in 1885, a Swedish translation in 1888, and a Russian translation in 1891. This book has been more frequently translated than the works of any other German economist, except Karl Marx.
