ABSTRACT
Political scientist Samuel L. Popkin (2012) posed these questions, noting that a year before the 2008 election Giuliani was the odds-on favorite to win the Republican nomination, his poll numbers more than doubling those of his competitors and his fundraising dollars shattering previous records for Republican candidates. Giuliani was mayor of NewYork City during the 9/11 attacks and earned plaudits for his courageous leadership on September 11 and during the weeks that followed the terrible tragedy. With an impressive record as New York City mayor and a reputation for no-nonsense toughness that called on Republican values and seemed likely to inspire voters, he appeared destined to win the nomination.
