ABSTRACT
At the end of Chapter III I described the form which psychoanalysis assumed in the hands of Freud’s close followers in the nineteen-thirties. This form still survives, and can properly be called ‘orthodox psychoanalysis’. Meanwhile, however, different groups of psychoanalysts have developed variants of the Freudian technique. In doing so they have been influenced in some cases by one of the two great apostates, Adler or Jung, and in other cases by the circumstances in which they were practising. Their variants are not, however, so unlike psychoanalysis that they need be regarded as new species like those of Adler or Jung, and most of the practitioners belong to their national Psychoanalytic Association. Collectively they are known as neo-Freudians, and they fall broadly into three groups—the object-relations school, the cultural school and the shorteners of psychoanalysis.
