ABSTRACT
Transference and countertransference are almost always present at some level in counseling. Relationship-focused counseling must challenge the assumption that clients deal only with conscious material while psychiatrists, psychoanalysts, and psychotherapists deal with unconscious material. Too often counselors are presumptuous about their ability to differentiate between the two in the counseling process. The greater the number of hours logged in a one-to-one situation, regardless of the counselor's professional identity, the greater the probability that transference and countertransference will occur.
