ABSTRACT
When teaching a new motor skill, it is not uncommon for the instructor to take hold of the learner and physically guide him or her through the movement. Some examples include a golf instructor demonstrating a “correct” swing by placing a hand over the learner’s hand or a tennis instructor taking a learner, in slow motion, through a backhand volley. Physical guidance might also include active assist exercises, typically performed by rehabilitation therapists, but more commonly with various robotic devices that physically interact with a patient or an experimental participant.
