ABSTRACT
Instructional systems development (ISD) is a means by which learning environments can be efficiently designed and produced. In addition to enhancing the production of learning environments, ISD has the promise of improving learning through the application of contemporary theories in learning, measurement, technology, and management. ISD has functioned as a scientific and applied field within education since the early 1960s (Glaser, 1962). Growth in ISD is the result of a number of forces and developments both within and outside the field (Reiser, 1987). Following commercial successes in the 1970s and 1980s, there is much contemporary concern that the static nature of ISD may reduce its role in future instructional design activities (Willis, 1995).
