ABSTRACT
Human beings, in private and public groups and organizations (e.g., families, schools, industries, and nations), pass on their knowledge and skills, the way they develop them, and the products of their application to future generations. This is done in part through communications between "experts" and "novices," the content of which is part of the "culture" of the organization or group involved. The novices have to and usually wish to acquire the knowledge, skills, and attitudes that are supposed to be relevant to understand and function in the organization. Learning is the label to refer to this acquisition process.
