ABSTRACT
Specific references are references to particular entities, for example, “a car” in (SI) and “the car” in (S2), as opposed to “a car” in (NS1) or “the car” in (NS2):
S1. John bought a car yesterday.
S2. John couldn’t get to work today because the car wouldn’t start.
NS1. John wants to buy a car, but he hasn’t chosen one yet.
NS2. The car is a four-wheeled vehicle.
