ABSTRACT
ADAPTIVE COLLABORATIVE MANAGEMENT (ACM) is built on a belief in the abilities of people—in forest villages, in government offices, in research institutions—to act in the interests of themselves, their communities, and future generations. It assumes the necessity for people to maintain their environment for their own survival. It is also built on the conviction that precise prediction of change in panarchies (multiple interacting complex systems) is impossible, which in turn implies the centrality of learning as an element of effective management—indeed, of living. ACM also builds on the existence of, or the latent potential for, social capital, as a critical prerequisite for collective action.
