ABSTRACT
For the forests themselves, China’s leaders tried to create incentives for efficient management by designing two series of policy measures targeted at encouraging afforestation and limiting excessive harvests. One set was directed at the management practices of state-owned forest enterprises, including the forest bureaus that carried out much of the logging and transport activities in China’s forests during the 1950s, 1960s, and 1970s (Ross 1988). The second set was directed at the actions of the farmers and other private forest managers who gained greater access to local forests in the early 1980s (Sun 1992; Yin 1994).
