ABSTRACT
AAA American Anthropological Association AAAS American Association for the Advancement of Science ABDA Bundesvereinigung Deutscher Apothekerverbande ABPI Association of the British Pharmaceutical Industry ABS access and benefit-sharing ACTS African Centre for Technology Studies AEPS Arctic Environmental Protection Strategy AG attorney general AHPA American Herbal Products Association AHS American Horticultural Society AIA Archaeological Institute of America AIDS acquired immune deficiency syndrome AIHP International Federation of Agricultural Producers ANAM Autoridad Nacional del Ambiente (Panama) AND Asociación para la Defensa de los Derechos Naturales (Peru) ARA academic research agreement ASC Association of Systematics Collections ASEAN Association of South-East Asian Nations ASOMPS Asian Symposium on the Medicinal Plants, Spices and Other Natural Products ASA American Sociological Association ASP American Society of Pharmacognosy ATCC American Type Culture Collection AUTM Association of University Technology Managers B-MS Bristol-Myers Squibb BCN Biodiversity Conservation Network BDCP Bioresources Development and Conservation Programme BGVS Bedrijf Geneesmiddelen Voorziening Suriname BINP Bwindi Impenetrable National Park BIONET Biodiversity Action Network BPC biodiversity prospecting contract BSR Businesses for Social Responsibility Bt Bacillus thuringiensis CAH Consejo Aguaruna and Huambisa communities (Peru) CARE-DTC CARE Development through Conservation (Uganda) CBD Convention on Biological Diversity CD compact disk CEMDA Mexican Centre for Environmental Law CEP Council on Economic Priorities
CERES Coalition for Environmentally Responsible Economies CFA Communauté Financière Africaine CFR central forest reserve CFR US Code of Federal Regulations CGIAR Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research CHF Swiss franc CI Conservation International CIAT Centro Internacional de Agricultura Tropical CIDA Canadian Agency for International Development CIEL Centre for International Environmental Law CIFOR Center for International Forestry Research CIFOR Centre for International Forestry (Indonesia) CIKARD Centre for Indigenous Knowledge for Agriculture and Rural Development CIMMYT Centro Internacional de Mejoramiento de Maiz y Trigo CIP Centro Internacional de la Papa CITES Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and
Flora CMS Convention on Migratory Species CNPq Brazilian National Council for Science and Technology COE Committee on Ethics COICA Coordinating Body of Indigenous Organizations of the Amazon Basin CONAGEBIO National Commission for Biodiversity Management (Costa Rica) CONSEFORH Honduran Dry Forest Species Conservation and Silviculture Project COP Conference of the Parties COPPIP Permanent Commission of Indigenous Peoples of Peru CPG Common Policy Guidelines CPNP Cuc Phong National Park CRA commercial research agreement CRADA Cooperative Research and Development Agreement CRE Centre for Research in Ecology (Côte d’Ivoire) CSD United Nations Commission for Sustainable Development CSIR Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (South Africa) CSIRO Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization CYTED Ciencia y Tecnologia para el Desarrollo DA Department of Agriculture (the Philippines) DANIDA Danish International Development Assistance dbh diameter at breast height DEAT Department of Environmental Affairs and Tourism (South Africa) DENR Department of Environment and Natural Resources (the Philippines) DFA Department of Foreign Affairs (the Philippines) DFID Department for International Development (UK) (formerly ODA) DNA deoxyribonucleic acid DOH Department of Health (the Philippines) DOST Department of Science and Technology (the Philippines) DPN Department for the Protection of Nature (Cameroon) EC European Commission EC European Community
ECOSOC United Nations International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights
EEZ exclusive economic zone ELC Environmental Law Centre of the IUCN EMEA European Agency for the Evaluation of Medicinal Products EMPRESA Forum on Business and Social Responsibility in the Americas ENS Environment News Service EO executive order ERIN Environmental Resources Information Network EU European Union EWGRB European Working Group on Research and Biodiversity FAO Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations FDA Food and Drug Administration (US) FFT Tropical Forest Foundation (Brazil) FIELD Foundation for International Environmental Law and Development FIRD-TM Fund for Integrated Rural Development and Traditional Medicine (Nigeria) FIS International Seed Trade Federation (Federation Internationale du Commerce
Semences) FMCN Mexican Fund for Nature Conservation FoE Friends of the Earth FPF Forest People Fund GAA germplasm acquisition agreement (FAO-CGIAR) gbh girth at breast height GCA Guanacaste Conservation Area GCBCD Global Coalition for Bio-Cultural Diversity GDP gross domestic product GEF Global Environment Facility GIS geographic information system GMIHR Gorgas Memorial Institute for Health Research GMO genetically modified organism GMP good manufacturing practices GoC Government of Cameroon GPS global positioning system GRAIN Genetic Resources Action International GRO grassroots organization GTZ Gesellschaft für Technische Zusammenarbeit (Germany) ha hectare HFC Healing Forest Conservancy HRI Horticulture Research International (UK) IABIN Inter-American Biodiversity Information Network IACBGR Inter-Agency Committee on Biological and Genetic Resources (Philippines) IARC an international agricultural research centre IBIN Indigenous Peoples Biodiversity Information Network ICARDA International Centre for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas ICBG International Cooperative Biodiversity Groups ICC International Chamber of Commerce ICE International Congress of Ethnobiology
ICGEB International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology ICLARM International Centre for Living Aquatic Resources Management ICRAF International Centre for Research in Agroforestry ICTA International Centre for Technology Assessment IFAW International Fund for Animal Welfare IFPMA International Federation of Pharmaceutical Manufacturers Associations IFPRI International Food Policy Research Institute IGCP International Gorilla Conservation Programme IIED International Institute for Environment and Development IISD International Institute for Sustainable Development ILO International Labor Organization ILRI International Livestock Research Institute IMAZON Institute of People and the Environment of the Amazon InBio National Institute of Biodiversity (Costa Rica) IPAM Institute of Environmental Research for Amazônia (Brazil) IPGRI International Plant Genetic Resources Institute IPM integrated pest management IPR intellectual property right IPRA the Philippines 1997 Indigenous Peoples Rights Act IRRI International Rice Research Institute ISE International Society of Ethnobiology ISNAR International Service for National Agricultural Research ITE Institute of Terrestrial Ecology ITFC Institute of Tropical Forest Conservation IUCN World Conservation Union (formerly International Union for Conservation of
Nature and Natural Resources) IWGIA International Working Group for Indigenous Affairs IWMI International Water Management Institute JPMA Japan Pharmaceutical Manufacturers Association JUNAC Junta del Acuerdo de Cartagena KfW Kredietanstalt fur Wiederaufbau, Germany kg kilogramme km kilometre LAPC Land and Agriculture Policy Centre (South Africa) LBG Limbe Botanic Garden (Cameroon) LOI letter of intent m metres MAA material acquisition agreement MAB Man and the Biosphere Programme MAT mutually agreed term MBG Missouri Botanical Garden MESRS Ministry of Higher Education and Scientific Research (Côte d’Ivoire) MINAE Ministry of Environment and Energy (Costa Rica) MINAGRA Ministry of Agriculture and Livestock (Côte d’Ivoire) MINEF Ministry of Environment and Forestry (Cameroon) MINREST Ministry of Scientific and Technical Research (Cameroon) MKFP Mount Kupe Forest Project
MOU memorandum of understanding MRC Medical Research Council of Canada MSA material supply agreement MTA material transfer agreement (FAO-CGIAR) MUP Multiple Use Programme MUST Mbarara University of Science and Technology NAPRALERT NAtural PRoducts ALERT NARO National Agricultural Research Organization NBI National Botanical Institute NBII National Biological Information Infrastructure NCI National Cancer Institute (US) NCRL Natural Chemotherapeutics Research Laboratory (Uganda) NCST National Centre of Science and Technology NDA National Drug Authority NEMA National Environment Management Authority (Uganda) NGO non-governmental organization NHM Natural History Museum, London NIH National Institutes of Health (US) NPS National Park Service (US) NSERC Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada NSF National Science Foundation (US) NTFP non-timber forest product Nuffic-CIRAN Nuffic Centre for International Research and Advisory Networks, Indigenous
Knowledge NYBG New York Botanical Garden OAU Organization of African Unity OCRISAT International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics ODA Overseas Development Agency (UK) ODI Overseas Development Institute (UK) OECD Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development ORMA IUCN’s Regional Office for Mesoamerica OTC over-the-counter PA protected area PACT Protected Areas Conservation Trust (Belize) PAMSU Protected Area Management for Sustainable Use Project PCA Plant Conservation Alliance PCR polymerase chain reaction PCRPS Programme for Collaborative Research in the Pharmaceutical Sciences,
University of Illinois, Chicago PEC Production and Environment Committee (Uganda) PEMANSKY Study for the Management of the Forested Area of the Kuna Territory (Panama) PG participating garden PGRFA FAO Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture PhRMA Pharmaceutical Research and Manufacturers of America (US) PIC prior informed consent PICNIC prior informed consent or no informed consent PLAAS Programme for Land and Agrarian Studies
PMAC Park Management Advisory Committee (Uganda) POEMA Poverty and Environment in Amazonia Programme (now Bolsa Amazonia)
(Brazil) PPC Park Parish Committee (Uganda) PRA participatory rural appraisal PROFONANPE National Fund for State-Protected Natural Areas (Peru) PTO Patent and Trademark Office (US) RAFI Rural Advancement Foundation International RBG Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew R&D research and development RNA ribonucleic acid RPA Register of Professional Archaeologists RSP Revenue-Sharing Programme SADC Southern African Development Community SAIIC South and Meso-American Indian Rights SBSTTA Subsidiary Body on Scientific, Technical and Technological Advice SCBD Secretariat of the Convention on Biological Diversity SEB Society for Economic Botany SGRP System-Wide Genetic Resource Programme SIDR Strathclyde Institute of Drug Research SKB SmithKline Beecham SPACHEE South Pacific Action Committee on Human Ecology and the Environment SPDA Peruvian Society for Environmental Law SSHRC Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada STRI Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute SVN Social Venture Network TBGRI Tropical Botanic Garden and Research Institute TCM traditional Chinese medicine TEK traditional ecological knowledge TK traditional knowledge TNP Tai National Park TRACOR Transkei Agricultural Corporation (South Africa) TRIPS Trade Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights TRR traditional resource rights UBC University of British Columbia UFPA Federal University of Pará (Brazil) UIC University of Illinois, Chicago UIE Uganda Institute of Ecology UK United Kingdom UN United Nations UNCED United Nations Conference on Environment and Development UNCLOS United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea UNCST Uganda National Council for Science and Technology UNCTAD United Nations Convention on Trade and Development UNDP United Nations Development Programme UNEP United Nations Environment Programme UNESCO United Nations Educational, Social and Cultural Organization
UNFCCC United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change UNIDO United Nations Industrial Development Organization UPOV Union for the Protection of New Varieties of Plants US United States USAID US Agency for International Development USDA US Department of Agriculture Ush Uganda shillings USP University of the South Pacific UWA Uganda Wildlife Authority UWS Uganda Wildlife Society VCC voluntary code of conduct VPISU Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University WARDA West Africa Rice Development Association WBCSD World Business Council for Sustainable Development WCPA World Commission on Protected Areas WFED World Foundation for Environment and Development WGIP United Nations Working Group on Indigenous Peoples WHO World Health Organization WIPO World Intellectual Property Organization WRI World Resources Institute WTO World Trade Organization WU Washington University WWF formerly World Wide Fund For Nature (World Wildlife Fund in US and
Canada) YNP Yellowstone National Park
