ABSTRACT
To date, there exist few examples of written agreements between researchers and communities.4 However, there are increasing and widespread calls for the formalization of researcher-community relationships. At international, national, professional researcher, NGO, and indigenous peoples’ organizational levels, calls have been made for the requirement of PIC and local control over use of knowledge and resources, including research. These have included calls for written documen-
tation of the consent process (eg indigenous peoples declarations; the Andean Pact Decision 391; the Philippines Executive Order 247; WWF, 1996; Posey and Dutfield, 1996; IUCN, 1997; PACOS, 1998; ISE, 1998).
