ABSTRACT
Chapter 6 addresses the need for comprehensive reform of subsidy policies to reduce harm to biodiversity and ecosystem services and make public expenditure more effective. Section 1 outlines the terminology and scale of current subsidies. Section 2 explains how these can fall short of their stated objectives, be cost-inefficient and impact on the environment. Section 3 provides a sector-by-sector breakdown, showing how subsidies can be better designed for social and environmental goals. Section 4 presents a roadmap for reform with guidance on tackling specific obstacles. Section 5 concludes the chapter with priority actions for the way ahead.
