ABSTRACT
This chapter explores how biophysical, socio-economic and silvicultural factors can determine the feasibility and suitability of different restoration options for particular sites in the landscape. 1 The variety of ecological conditions and diversity of stakeholder views mean it may not be possible to restore forest to all sites in a landscape. Furthermore, different stakeholders will have different objectives when they carry out reforestation. However, by strategically targeting areas for various kinds of reforestation, these interventions will collectively improve key ecological processes (hydrological functions, nutrient cycling, etc.), restore biodiversity and thereby improve livelihoods across the landscape. Thus a landscape mosaic after restoration might include land uses such as:
areas managed to maximize production (of, for example, agricultural crops or pulpwood plantations);
areas of existing forest managed to maintain existing levels of biodiversity (for example, natural forest devoted to nature protection or well-managed natural forest used for timber production or the harvesting of non-timber forest products (NTFPs)); and
reforested areas managed to generate both commercial outcomes and restore some, but not necessarily all, the original biodiversity (for example, long-rotation sawlog plantations containing high-value native tree species).
