ABSTRACT
This comprehensive and up-to-date encyclopedia on human rights issues from 1945 to the present includes more than 400 entries on incidents and violations, instruments and initiatives, countries, and human rights activities. Its scope is global, and its purpose is both to sum up the accomplishments in human rights in our time and also to point out and describe the violations that continue to be perpetrated around the world.
Entries cover major issues; incidents and violations; concepts and terms; activists; organizations; and human rights instruments. Entries cover more than 50 countries, from Afghanistan to Yugoslavia. Entries conclude with suggestions for further readings; and a timeline of significant dates since 1945 and the text of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights are also included.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
letter |26 pages
A
entry |1 pages
Aboriginal Peoples
entry |2 pages
Abortion
entry |1 pages
Academic Freedom And Human Rights
entry |1 pages
Human Rights Watch
entry |2 pages
Adjudication
entry |2 pages
Advisory Services In The Field Of Human Rights
entry |2 pages
Affirmative Action
entry |2 pages
Afghanistan
entry |2 pages
African Charter On Human And Peoples' Rights
entry |1 pages
African Commission On Human And Peoples' Rights
entry |1 pages
African National Congress
entry |2 pages
Age Of Consent
entry |2 pages
Aids And Human Rights
entry |2 pages
Algeria
entry |2 pages
Aliens
entry |2 pages
American Convention On Human Rights
entry |1 pages
American Declaration Of The Rights And Duties Of Man
entry |2 pages
Amnesty International
entry |2 pages
Amnesty Laws
entry |1 pages
Anti-Semitism
entry |2 pages
Anti-Slavery Society International
entry |2 pages
Apartheid
entry |1 pages
Arab Organization For Human Rights
entry |3 pages
Arab World And Human Rights. Human Rights
entry |2 pages
Arbitrary Arrest And Detention
entry |1 pages
Argentina
entry |2 pages
Armed Conflict
entry |1 pages
Armenia
entry |3 pages
Asian Values
entry |1 pages
Assembly And Association
entry |1 pages
Associated Country Women Of The World
entry |2 pages
Asylum
entry |1 pages
Atlantic Charter
entry |1 pages
Aung San Suu Kyi
entry |2 pages
Australia
entry |1 pages
Azerbaijan
letter |11 pages
B
entry |1 pages
Bahai International Community
entry |1 pages
Baltic States
entry |2 pages
Bangkok Declaration
entry |3 pages
Bangladesh
entry |1 pages
Banjul Charter On Human And People'S Rights
entry |1 pages
Basic Principles For The Protection Of Civilians In Armed Conflict
entry |1 pages
Basic Principles On The Independence Of The Judiciary
entry |1 pages
Beijing Declaration And Platform For Action
entry |1 pages
Beijing Rules
entry |2 pages
B'Nai B'Rith International
entry |2 pages
Bonded Labor
entry |2 pages
Bosnia-Herzegovina
entry |2 pages
Brazil
entry |1 pages
Brutland Commission
entry |1 pages
Buddhism
entry |3 pages
Burma
entry |2 pages
Business Corporations And Human Rights
letter |41 pages
C
entry |1 pages
Cairo Declaration On Human Rights In Islam
entry |2 pages
Cambodia
entry |3 pages
Canada
entry |2 pages
Capital Punishment
entry |2 pages
Carter, Jimmy (James Earl, Jr.) (1924-)
entry |1 pages
Catholic Church
entry |1 pages
Centre For Human Rights
entry |1 pages
Charter Of The International Military Tribunal
entry |2 pages
Charter On Sexual Harassment In The Workplace
entry |2 pages
Chechnya
entry |2 pages
Child, Rights Of
entry |2 pages
Child Labor
entry |3 pages
Chile
entry |3 pages
China
entry |1 pages
Christianity
entry |1 pages
Circumcision
entry |2 pages
Civil And Political Rights
entry |4 pages
Cloning And Biomedicine
entry |1 pages
Code Of Conduct For Law Enforcement Officials
entry |2 pages
Collectivization
entry |2 pages
Commission On Human Rights
entry |2 pages
Commission On The Status Of Women
entry |1 pages
Committee Against Torture
entry |2 pages
Committee Of Ministers Of The Council Of Europe
entry |1 pages
Committee On Economic, Social And Cultural Rights
entry |2 pages
Committee On Nongovernmental Organizations
entry |1 pages
Committee On The Elimination Of Discrimination Against Women
entry |2 pages
Committee On The Elimination Of Racial Discrimination
entry |1 pages
Committee On The Exercise Of The Inalienable Rights Of The Palestinian People
entry |2 pages
Compensation For Victims Of Human Rights Abuse
entry |1 pages
The 1985 Un Declaration Of Basic Principles Of Justice For Victims Of Crime And Abuse Of Power
entry |1 pages
Conditionality
entry |2 pages
Convention Against Discrimination In Education
entry |2 pages
Convention Against Torture And Other Cruel, Inhuman Or Degrading Treatment Or Punishment
entry |1 pages
Convention Concerning Equal Opportunities And Equal Treatment For Men And Women Workers: Workers With Family Responsibilities
entry |2 pages
Convention Concerning Equal Remuneration For Men And Women Workers For Work Of Equal Value
entry |2 pages
Convention Concerning Maternity Protection
entry |2 pages
Convention For The Suppression Of The Traffic In Persons And The Exploitation Of The Prostitution Of Others
entry |2 pages
Convention On Consent To Marriage, Minimum Age For Marriage And Registration Of Marriages
entry |1 pages
Convention On Human Rights And Biomedicine.
entry |2 pages
Convention On The Elimination Of All Forms Of Discrimination Against Women
entry |2 pages
Convention On The Nationality Of Married Women
entry |1 pages
Convention On The Non-Applicability Of The Statutory Limitations To War Crimes And Crimes Against Humanity
entry |2 pages
Convention On The Political Rights Of Women
entry |2 pages
Convention On The Prevention And Punishment Of The Crime Of Genocide
entry |2 pages
Convention On The Reduction Of Statelessness
entry |1 pages
Convention On The Rights Of The Child
entry |2 pages
Convention Relating To The Status Of Refugees
entry |1 pages
Convention Relating To The Status Of Refugees: Protocol
entry |2 pages
Convention Relating To The Status Of Stateless Persons
entry |1 pages
Copenhagen Declaration And Programme Of Action
entry |1 pages
Costa Rica
entry |2 pages
Council Of Europe
entry |1 pages
Crimes Against Humanity
entry |2 pages
Crimes Against Peace
entry |1 pages
Croatia
entry |2 pages
Cuba
entry |1 pages
Cultural Life
entry |1 pages
Czechoslovakia
letter |27 pages
D
entry |1 pages
Dalai Lama
entry |1 pages
Dalits
entry |1 pages
Dayton Accords
entry |1 pages
Death Penalty
entry |1 pages
Death Squads
entry |1 pages
Debt Bondage
entry |1 pages
Decalogue
entry |2 pages
Declaration Concerning Essentials Of Peace
entry |2 pages
Declaration For The Protection Of War Victims
entry |1 pages
Declaration Of A Global Ethic
entry |2 pages
Declaration Of The Basic Principles Of Justice For Victims Of Crime And Abuse Of Power
entry |1 pages
Declaration Of The Rights Of The Child
entry |2 pages
Declaration On Permanent Sovereignty Over Natural Resources
entry |1 pages
Declaration On Race And Racial Prejudice
entry |2 pages
Declaration On Social And Legal Principles Relating To The Protection And Welfare Of Children, With Special Reference To Foster Placement And Adoption Nationally And Internationally
entry |2 pages
Declaration On Territorial Asylum
entry |2 pages
Declaration On The Elimination Of All Forms Of Intolerance And Of Discrimination Based On Religion Or Belief
entry |2 pages
Declaration On The Elimination Of Violence Against Women
entry |2 pages
Declaration On The Granting Of Independence To Colonial Countries And Peoples
entry |1 pages
Declaration On The Human Rights Of Individuals Who Are Not Nationals Of The Country In Which They Live
entry |2 pages
Declaration On The Promotion Among Youth Of The Ideals Of Peace, Mutual Respect And Understanding Between Peoples
entry |1 pages
Declaration On The Protection Of All Persons From Being Subject To Torture And Other Cruel, Inhuman Or Degrading Treatment Or Punishment
entry |2 pages
Declaration On The Protection Of All Persons From Enforced Disappearance
entry |2 pages
Declaration On The Protection Of Women And Children In Emergency Armed Conflict
entry |1 pages
Declaration On The Right Of Peoples To Peace
entry |3 pages
Declaration On The Rights Of Disabled Persons
entry |1 pages
Declaration On The Rights Of Mentally Retarded Persons
entry |2 pages
Declaration On The Rights Of Persons Belonging To National Or Ethnic, Religious And Linguistic Minorities
entry |2 pages
Declaration On The Right To Development
entry |2 pages
Declaration On The Use Of Scientific And Technological Progress In The Interest Of Peace And For The Benefit Of Mankind
entry |1 pages
Defense For Children International
entry |1 pages
Delhi Declaration
entry |2 pages
Democratic Entitlement
entry |1 pages
Deportation
entry |1 pages
Derogation
entry |2 pages
Detention
entry |1 pages
Development
entry |1 pages
Disabled Persons
entry |1 pages
Disappearance Of Persons
entry |2 pages
Discrimination
entry |1 pages
Domestic Violence
entry |1 pages
Draft Additional Protocol To The Convention On Human Rights And Biomedicine On The Prohibition Of Cloning Human Beings
entry |2 pages
Drugs And Human Rights
entry |2 pages
Duties
letter |14 pages
E
entry |1 pages
Earth Charter
entry |2 pages
East Timor
entry |2 pages
Economic And Social Council
entry |2 pages
Economic, Social And Cultural Rights
entry |2 pages
Education
entry |2 pages
Employment
entry |4 pages
Environment
entry |2 pages
Equality
entry |2 pages
Ethnic Cleansing
entry |1 pages
European Commission On Human Rights
entry |2 pages
European Convention On Human Rights
entry |1 pages
European Court Of Human Rights
entry |2 pages
European Social Charter
entry |2 pages
Expulsion
letter |9 pages
F
entry |2 pages
Fact-Finding
entry |2 pages
Fair Trial
entry |2 pages
Family
entry |1 pages
Final Solution
entry |1 pages
Finland
entry |1 pages
First Generation Rights
entry |2 pages
First Tranche
entry |1 pages
Food
entry |2 pages
Forced Labor
entry |2 pages
Framework Convention For The Protection Of National Minorities
entry |1 pages
Freedom Of Information
entry |1 pages
Freedom Of Thought, Conscience And Religion
entry |2 pages
Friends World Committee For Consultation
entry |2 pages
Fundamentalism
letter |8 pages
G
entry |2 pages
Gandhi, Mohandas K. Aramchand
entry |1 pages
Gay Rights
entry |2 pages
General Assembly
entry |1 pages
Generations Of Rights
entry |2 pages
Geneva Conventions
entry |2 pages
Genital Mutilation
entry |2 pages
Genocide
entry |1 pages
Global Civil Society
entry |1 pages
Global Ethic
entry |2 pages
Gorbachev, Mikhail S
entry |1 pages
Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution
entry |1 pages
Guatemala
entry |1 pages
Gulag Archipelago
letter |13 pages
H
entry |2 pages
Haiti
entry |1 pages
Hamas
entry |2 pages
Havel, VÁClav
entry |1 pages
Health
entry |1 pages
Helsinki Accords
entry |1 pages
Helsinki Watch
entry |1 pages
High Commissioner
entry |1 pages
Hinduism
entry |2 pages
Holy See
entry |1 pages
Homosexuality
entry |1 pages
Housing
entry |2 pages
Human Dimension (Mechanism)
entry |2 pages
Human Rights
entry |1 pages
Human Rights And Peace
entry |1 pages
Human Rights And Youth
entry |4 pages
Human Rights Commissions (Regional)
entry |1 pages
Human Rights Committee
entry |2 pages
Human Rights Day
entry |1 pages
Human Rights Watch
entry |1 pages
Hunger And Malnutrition
letter |24 pages
I
entry |2 pages
India
entry |2 pages
Indigenous Peoples
entry |1 pages
Individual Petition
entry |1 pages
Indonesia
entry |1 pages
Information
entry |1 pages
Inkatha
entry |2 pages
Inter-American Charter Of Social Guarantees
entry |2 pages
Inter-American Commission Of Women
entry |1 pages
Inter-American Commission On Human Rights
entry |2 pages
Inter-American Convention On The Forced Disappearance Of Persons
entry |1 pages
Inter-American Convention On The Granting Of Civil Rights To Women
entry |1 pages
Inter-American Convention On The Granting Of Political Rights To Women
entry |2 pages
Inter-American Convention On The Prevention, Punishment And Eradication Of Violence Against Women
entry |2 pages
Inter-American Court Of Human Rights
entry |2 pages
Inter-American Declaration On Racial Integration In The Americas
entry |1 pages
International Bill Of Human Rights
entry |1 pages
International Campaign To Ban Land Mines
entry |1 pages
International Catholic Child Bureau
entry |1 pages
International Committee Of The Red Cross
entry |1 pages
International Conference On Human Rights
entry |2 pages
International Convention On The Elimination Of All Forms Of Racial Discrimination
entry |2 pages
International Convention On The Protection Of The Rights Of All Migrant Workers And Members Of Their Families
entry |2 pages
International Convention On The Suppression And Punishment Of The Crime Of Apartheid
entry |2 pages
International Court Of Justice
entry |1 pages
International Covenant On Civil And Political Rights
entry |1 pages
International Covenant On Economic, Social And Cultural Rights
entry |1 pages
International Covenants On Human Rights
entry |2 pages
International Criminal Court
entry |1 pages
International Helsinki Federation
entry |2 pages
International Labor Organization
entry |1 pages
International Law Commission
entry |1 pages
International Tribunals
entry |1 pages
Inter-Parliamentary Union
entry |1 pages
Interventionism
entry |2 pages
Intifadah
entry |1 pages
Israel
entry |2 pages
Iraq
entry |1 pages
Islam
entry |3 pages
Israel
letter |2 pages
J
entry |1 pages
Journalists
entry |1 pages
Judaism
entry |2 pages
Judiciary
letter |8 pages
K
entry |2 pages
Kashmir
entry |2 pages
Kent State Tragedy
entry |1 pages
Khmer Rouge
entry |3 pages
King, Rodney G
entry |2 pages
Kosovo
entry |2 pages
Kurdistan
entry |2 pages
Kuwait
entry |1 pages
Kyoto Protocol On Climate Change
letter |6 pages
L
entry |2 pages
Land Mines
entry |1 pages
Latvia
entry |1 pages
Laws Of War
entry |3 pages
Lesbian And Gay Rights
entry |2 pages
Liberation Theology
entry |2 pages
Liberty And Security Of Person
entry |1 pages
Louima, Abner
letter |10 pages
M
entry |2 pages
Mandela, Nelson (1918–)
entry |1 pages
Mao Zedong (1893–1976)
entry |1 pages
Maori
entry |1 pages
Marriage And The Family
entry |3 pages
Mexico
entry |1 pages
Migrant Workers
entry |1 pages
Milosevic, Slobodan (1941–)
entry |2 pages
Minorities
entry |1 pages
Moral And Material Interests
entry |2 pages
Motherhood And Childhood
entry |1 pages
Moscow Mechanism
entry |2 pages
Mothers Of The Plaza De Mayo
entry |2 pages
Movement And Residence
entry |1 pages
Myanmar
entry |2 pages
My Lai Massacre
letter |11 pages
N
entry |2 pages
Nagorno-Karabakh
entry |1 pages
Nairobi Forward-Looking Strategies For The Advancement Of Women
entry |2 pages
Nationality
entry |1 pages
Nation-Building
entry |2 pages
Natural Law
entry |3 pages
New World Information And Communications Order
entry |2 pages
Nigeria
entry |1 pages
Non-Derogation
entry |2 pages
Nongovernmental Organization
entry |1 pages
Non-Intervention
entry |2 pages
Northern Ireland
entry |1 pages
Nunca Mas
entry |1 pages
Nuremberg War Crimes Trials
entry |1 pages
Nyerere, Julius (1922–)
letter |6 pages
O
entry |1 pages
Object Of International Law
entry |2 pages
Obligation To Implement Human Rights Covenants. Human Rights
entry |3 pages
Office Of High Commissioner For Human Rights
entry |2 pages
Opinion And Expression
entry |1 pages
Organization For Security And Co-Operation In Europe
entry |2 pages
Organization Of African Unity
entry |1 pages
Organization Of American States
entry |1 pages
Oslo Accords
letter |17 pages
P
entry |1 pages
Pact Of San Jose
entry |1 pages
Pakistan
entry |2 pages
Palestine Liberation Organization
entry |1 pages
Palme, Olaf (1927–1986)
entry |1 pages
Parliament Of The World'S Religions
entry |1 pages
Peoples
entry |1 pages
Petition
entry |2 pages
Philippines
entry |2 pages
Physical And Mental Health
entry |2 pages
Physicians For Human Rights
entry |2 pages
Poland
entry |1 pages
Polisario
entry |1 pages
Political Rights
entry |1 pages
Pol Pot
entry |2 pages
Poverty
entry |2 pages
Principles Of International Co-Operation In The Detection, Arrest, Extradition And Punishment Of War Crimes And Crimes Against Humanity
entry |2 pages
Principles Of International Law Recognized In The Charter And In The Judgment Of The Nuremberg Tribunal
entry |2 pages
Principles Of Medical Ethics Relevant To The Role Of Health Professionals, Particularly Physicians, In The Protection Of Prisoners And Detainees Against Torture And Other Cruel, Inhuman Or Degrading Treatment Or Punishment
entry |1 pages
Privacy
entry |3 pages
Procedural Guarantees, Processes And Protections
entry |2 pages
Proclamation Of Teheran
entry |2 pages
Propaganda
entry |2 pages
Property
entry |1 pages
Prostitution
entry |2 pages
Public Emergency
entry |1 pages
Purge
letter |1 pages
Q
entry |1 pages
Quebec
letter |19 pages
R
entry |1 pages
Racial Discrimination
entry |3 pages
Racism
entry |2 pages
Rape
entry |1 pages
Ratification
entry |1 pages
Red Cross Conventions
entry |1 pages
Red Cross Movement
entry |1 pages
Refugees
entry |2 pages
Relativism And Universalism
entry |2 pages
Religion And Human Rights
entry |2 pages
Religious Intolerance And Discrimination
entry |1 pages
Remedy
entry |1 pages
Rest, Leisure And Reasonable Limitation On Working Hours
entry |1 pages
Right Of Petition
entry |1 pages
Right To Development
entry |1 pages
Right To Leave And Return
entry |3 pages
Right To Life
entry |1 pages
Rio Declaration
entry |2 pages
Romania
entry |2 pages
Roosevelt, Eleanor (1884–1962)
entry |2 pages
Roosevelt, Franklin D. (1882–1945)
entry |3 pages
Russia
entry |2 pages
Rwanda
letter |27 pages
S
entry |2 pages
Saami
entry |2 pages
Safeguards Guaranteeing The Protection Of The Rights Of Those Facing The Death Penalty
entry |1 pages
Sakharov, Andrei D. (1921–1989)
entry |2 pages
Saudi Arabia
entry |2 pages
Discrimination
entry |1 pages
Science And Technology
entry |2 pages
Security Council
entry |2 pages
Self-Determination
entry |3 pages
Serbia
entry |1 pages
Sexual Harassment
entry |2 pages
Sharia
entry |1 pages
Sharpeville Massacre
entry |2 pages
Sikhs
entry |2 pages
Singapore
entry |3 pages
Slavery, The Slave Trade, And Slavery-Like Practices
entry |2 pages
Social Security
entry |2 pages
Soka Gakkai International
entry |3 pages
South Africa
entry |1 pages
Sovereignty
entry |2 pages
Human rights
entry |2 pages
Stalin, Joseph V
entry |2 pages
Standard Minimum Rules For The Treatment Of Prisoners
entry |2 pages
Standard Of Living
entry |1 pages
Standard-Setting
entry |1 pages
Statelessness
entry |1 pages
State Of Emergency
entry |2 pages
Sterilization
entry |1 pages
Stockholm Declaration Of The United Nations Conference On The Human Environment
entry |1 pages
Structural Adjustment Loans
entry |2 pages
Sub-Commission On The Prevention Of Discrimination And Protection Of Minorities
entry |1 pages
Subject Of International Law
entry |1 pages
Sudan
entry |1 pages
Superior Orders
letter |8 pages
T
entry |1 pages
Third Generation Rights.
entry |2 pages
Thought, Conscience And Religion.
entry |1 pages
Tibet.
entry |1 pages
Tienanmen Square.
entry |2 pages
Tokyo War Crimes Trials.
entry |1 pages
Torture.
entry |1 pages
Toxic And Dangerous Products And Wastes.
entry |1 pages
Traffic In Persons And The Exploitation Of The Prostitution Of Others.
entry |3 pages
A. A three-way trade
entry |2 pages
Trusteeship Council.
entry |2 pages
Truth Commissions.
entry |2 pages
Turkey.
entry |1 pages
Tutu, Desmond.
letter |17 pages
U
entry |3 pages
United Kingdom.
entry |2 pages
United Nations Charter.
entry |1 pages
United Nations Children Fund.
entry |1 pages
United Nations Commission On Human Rights.
entry |1 pages
United Nations Commission On The Status Of Women.
entry |1 pages
United Nations Conference On The Human Environment.
entry |1 pages
United Nations Decade For Women.
entry |1 pages
United Nations Draft Declaration On The Rights Of Indigenous Peoples.
entry |1 pages
United Nations Economic And Social Council.
entry |1 pages
United Nations Educational, Scientific And Cultural Organization.
entry |1 pages
United Nations General Assembly.
entry |1 pages
United Nations High Commissioner For Human Rights.
entry |1 pages
United Nations High Commissioner For Refugees.
entry |1 pages
United Nations Human Rights Commission.
entry |1 pages
United Nations Human Rights Committee.
entry |1 pages
United Nations Secretariat.
entry |1 pages
United Nations Security Council.
entry |2 pages
United Nations Standard Minimum Rules For The Administration Of Juvenile Justice.
entry |1 pages
United Nations Sub-Commission On Prevention Of Discrimination And Protection Of Minorities.
entry |2 pages
United Nations University.
entry |2 pages
United Nations Voluntary Fund For Advisory Services And Technical Assistance In The Field Of Human Rights.
entry |3 pages
United States.
entry |5 pages
Universal Declaration Of Human Responsibilities
entry |1 pages
Universalism And Relativism.
entry |2 pages
University For Peace.
entry |1 pages
Ussr (Soviet Union).
letter |2 pages
V
entry |1 pages
Vienna Conference On Human Rights.
entry |1 pages
Vienna Declaration And Programme Of Action.
entry |1 pages
Vienna Mechanism.
entry |1 pages
Vietnam War.
entry |2 pages
Visa.
letter |10 pages
W
entry |1 pages
Walesa, Lech.
entry |1 pages
War Crimes.
entry |3 pages
War Crimes Tribunals.
entry |2 pages
Western Sahara.
entry |1 pages
Williams, Jody.
entry |1 pages
Women.
entry |1 pages
Women'S International League For Peace And Freedom.
entry |1 pages
Work.
entry |1 pages
Workers With Family Responsibilities.
entry |1 pages
Working Groups.
entry |2 pages
World Charter For Nature.
entry |2 pages
World Conferences On Human Rights.
entry |2 pages
World Conferences On Women.
entry |1 pages
World Court.
entry |2 pages
World Federalist Movement.
entry |2 pages
World Health Organization.
letter |1 pages
X
entry |1 pages
Xhosa
letter |2 pages
Y
entry |1 pages
Yamashita, Tomoyuki (1885–1946)
entry |1 pages
Year Of The Child
entry |1 pages
Yellow Peril
entry |1 pages
Yugoslavia
letter |1 pages
Z
entry |1 pages
Zionism