ABSTRACT
Our goal in this chapter is to describe the methods that were used in this project. One aspect of these methods is that theory and research were intertwined in a more complex way than the simple reciprocal cycle described by Merton (1957) or the more elaborate cyclical process described by Klein (2005, p. 17). This means it is not possible to describe a sequence or cycle in the methods because there was a constant and complex fluidity in ways the conceptualizing, observing, generalizing, measuring, inducing, organizing, integrating, deducing, speculating, inferring, and revising occurred and influenced each other. We need to describe some aspects of the methods before others, but it is difficult, perhaps impossible, to identify which methods were used first, or last, or in what sequence, because they were intertwined in multifaceted ways.
