ABSTRACT

Of the five scientific trends, two-physiology and quantifica-tion-deserve somewhat closer scrutiny. Developments in biology will be touched on incidentally in various other places in this narrative, and Charles Darwin’s (Figure 3.1) contributions in particular will be discussed in conjunction with consideration of Herbert Spencer in the next chapter. Atomism will be apparent in many formulations and will also, at least implicitly, inevitably be involved in the later discussion of the philosophical trend of associationism. As for the tendency to establish research and training laboratories, it was part of the history of all of the natural sciences during the 19th century.