ABSTRACT
Convention treats international law and international organization as two different subfi elds of IR. Yet in many ways they are so symbiotically related that it does not make sense to separate them for the purposes of this book. International organizations, from the League of Nations to the United Nations to international agencies such as the International Monetary Fund and the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD, or World Bank), came out of the progressive era push to codify and organize social relations at all levels-family, domestic, and international-and they rely on charters and legal codes for their procedural and normative existence. While aspirations for the “rule of law” underpinned the foundations of the fi eld of IR (as noted in Chapter 2 ), these aspirations depended on the establishment of formal organizations-the Permanent Court of International Justice (PCIJ), the League of Nations, and later the UN and its member agencies.
