ABSTRACT
This research tried to illustrate that the seawater environment is unique in its characteristics and composition. Therefore the description of seawater scaling behaviour as a function of only Ca2+ and HCO3 - is most likely not enough to describe the behaviour of calcium carbonate in SWRO systems. The magnesium and sulphate in seawater, in addition to the complexity of the mechanism of nucleation and growth, encourage the need for further research to determine the real saturation of CaCO3 in SWRO concentrates and to understand the kinetics of its precipitation.
