ABSTRACT
Work is something we associate with human beings – unless we are thinking of animals that are given working roles by humans, as sheep dogs or dray horses, say. Yet all living creatures expend some kind of ‘working’ effort in the process of acting upon and taking from their environment whatever they need for survival. Human beings are no different from other animals in this general respect. Members of the human species are, however, different in three respects:
• They have devised an infinitely greater variety of ways of dealing with their material situation.
