ABSTRACT
This chapter examines the theoretical basis within psychoanalysis and dynamic psychotherapy for combined treatment by turning to Freud. It discusses early attempts within psychoanalysis to understand combined treatment based on a two-illness model, assessing its advantages and disadvantages. Psychoanalysts began entertaining multiple models of the mind or suggesting more pragmatic treatment approaches based on evidence, thereby attempting to create a theoretical space in which to consider the usefulness of pharmacotherapy. Kantor deals with a reductionistic attitude on the part of many analysts who resisted embracing an integrative pluralism that would make it acceptable to turn to medication while engaging in analysis. The chapter argues that combined treatment, in most cases, benefits from viewing psychological treatments as also biological and biological treatments as affecting the patient psychologically. The two-illness model evolved as a response to the growing wealth of knowledge within biological psychiatry that included genetic studies, brain scan data, and drug studies.
