ABSTRACT
Numerous approaches are being used to develop vaccines for use in the treatment of cancer (Table 1). Prophylactic approaches focus on the use of vaccines that induce immunity to viruses or microbes known to be associated with the development of a tumor (Sections N2 and Q4). Hepatitis B vaccines prevent infection by this virus and reduce the incidence of liver cancer. Human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccines reduce the development of cervical carcinoma. Most other tumor vaccine approaches are designed to enhance or induce effective tumor immunity in patients who have already developed cancer.
