ABSTRACT
The demonstrators' courage and moral imperative infused new energy into the civil rights movement. Their nonviolent tactics inspired countless others to join the anti-discrimination movement. Soon after the sit-ins began, scores of businesses in the South were desegregated, and new, grass-roots organizations began to form. Chief among these were the interracial congress of racial equality (CORE) and the student non-violent coordinating committee (SNCC). The SNCC activists prided themselves on their strong ties to local communities. A new generation of African American leaders, including Anne Moody, Julian Bond, John Lewis, Angela Davis, and Stokely Carmichael, emerged from the ranks of SNCC. The protests continued, triggering violent responses from segregationist forces in the South. Long the shock troops of the civil rights movement, SNCC activists felt that established black leaders were not pushing hard enough for full equality. In 1966 SNCC's new chairman, Stokely Carmichael, insisted that blacks use 'black power' to combat the 'white power' that held them down.
