ABSTRACT
African Americans migrating from the rural South to the cities of the Northeast and Midwest to escape economic hardship and racial discrimination found more of both. They sought personal wholeness, collective spiritual identity, and economic mobility through a range of religious responses to the alienating circumstances of urban life. https://s3-euw1-ap-pe-df-pch-content-public-p.s3.eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/9781315022703/d8062edf-62f8-4e77-ad3e-fdf43d7f25ef/content/ufig112_C.jpg" xmlns:xlink="https://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"/>
