ABSTRACT
Crisis framed the last quarter of the 20th century in New York State. The state was repeatedly shaken to its core by the 1975 fiscal crisis, the 2001 World Trade Center tragedy and the 2007-09 Great Recession. Dramatically different unrelated crises, these events took different tolls, but they all compelled reflection and reassessment. By focusing on New York City, they also underlined the complicated relationship between the city, the state and the nation that characterized much of New York history. Once again, reality tested the state’s resiliency and powers of reinvention.
