ABSTRACT
Self-esteem is the most frequently studied psychological construct in the social sciences. No other construct has been so inextricably linked to personal competence, psychological adjustment, and social problems (California Task Force to Promote Self-Esteem and Personal and Social Responsibility, 1990). Given the supreme importance of self-esteem, a vast literature on its measurement has accumulated over the past few decades. Nevertheless, the nature of self-esteem remains elusive (Baumeister, Campbell, Krueger, & Vohs, 2003; Kernis, 2003).
