ABSTRACT
Archaic Homo sapiens who lived in Europe and Asia between 130,000 and 35,000 years ago, during the Ice Age. They appeared at the end of the time of an earlier hominid species, Homo erectus.
Top, skull of Homo sapiens neanderthalensis, an early human that appeared between 40,000 and 100,000 years ago (reconstructed at bottom). Middle, what happened to Neanderthals (left skull) is still in doubt, and how they were supplanted by Homo sapiens (right skull) is a subject of current research.
