ABSTRACT
From the examples given above it will be seen that the number of single words which function solely as adverbs is very small indeed. There are only a few, such as ika, hata, and kedashi, which can stand alone as adverbs and cannot perform the function of other parts of speech. Kedashi itself is probably an abbreviated form of kedashiku, found in Nara period texts, which is presumably the ordinary adverbial form of an adjective.
