Notes on Contributors

Shane Adler is an independent scholar with recent articles published in Art Journal and Women’s Studies. She is currently writing A Visual Perfume, the Progress and Revolution of the Seasons in Society, a study of French and English social history in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. Essays: Months; Seasons; Whiteness

Diane Apostolos-Cappadona, Professorial Lecturer in Art, Religion and Gender Studies at Georgetown University, has published many books and articles on various aspects of religion and the arts, including the Encyclopedia of Women in Religious Art (1966), Dictionary of Christian Art (1994), and The Spirit and the Vision: The Influence of Christian Romanticism on 19th Century American Art (1995). She has also edited many works, including Women, Creativity, and the Arts (1995), Art, Creativity, and the Sacred (1984/1995), and the publications Theologians on Art: Documents and Sources in the History of Christian Art (1998) and Then They Knew They Were Naked: The Nude in Western Art (1998). Essays: Beheading/Decapitation; Toilet Scenes; Virgin/Virginity

Andrew Stephen Arbury is an Associate Professor of Art History at Radford University in Virginia. As a graduate student at Rutgers University, he was a founding editor of the Rutgers Art Review, a scholarly journal of art history. He has presented professional papers at numerous conferences and has published articles on Spanish catafalques and slide computerization. Essays: Abduction/Rape; Judgment; Laughter

Priscilla Baumann, Instructor in Medieval Art and Architecture in the Radcliffe Seminars, Radcliffe College, has published The Profane Arts of the Middle Ages (1996), articles on Romanesque sculpture in Church History (1990, 1991) and La Revue Mabillon (1994), and articles on the history of Auvergne in the Dictionnaire encyclopédique du Moyen Age chrétien. She is currently completing a book on Romanesque sculpted capitals of Auvergne. Essays: Avarice; Labyrinth/Maze; Margins/Outsiders

Rudolf M. Bisanz, Professor of Art History at Northern Illinois University, has written more than 100 professional publications, including German Romanticism and Philipp Otto Runge, a Study in Nineteenth-Century Art Theory and Iconography and The René von Schleinitz Collection of the Milwaukee Art Museum. Essays: Dawn/Dawning; Devotion/Piety

Christine M. Boeckl, Associate Professor at the University of Nebraska at Kearney, has published on the subject of the plague, including “A New Reading of Nicolas Poussin’s The Miracle of the Ark in the Temple of Dagon” in Artibus et Historiae 24 (1991); “Vienna’s Pestsäule: The Analysis of a Seicento Plague Monument” in Wiener Jahrbuck für Kunstgeschichte 49 (1996); “Plague Imagery as Metaphor for Heresy in Rubens’s The Miracles of St. Francis Xavier” in The Sixteenth Century Journal 27:4 (1996); and “The Pisan Triumph of Death and the Papal Constitution Benedictus Deus” in Artibus et Historiae. Her book Plague Imagery in the Renaissance and Reformation: Iconography and Iconology is in preparation for the series 16th Century Studies. Essays: Path/Road/Crossroads; Penitence/Repentance; Plague/Pestilence; Protestantism; SelfPortraits I: Men; Sin/Sinning

Lee Braver, a student of Søren Kierkegaard’s use of pseudonyms, is pursuing a Ph.D. in Philosophy at Emory University. Essays: Ascent/Descent; Fortune; Order/Chaos

Liana De Girolami Cheney, Professor of Art History and Art History Coordinator at the University of Massachusetts Lowell, is the author of Quattrocento Neoplatonism and Medici Humanism in Botticelli’s Mythological Paintings, Botticelli’s Neoplatonic Images, The Paintings of the Casa Vasari, Religious Architecture of Lowell, and Readings in Italian Mannerism, and is the coauthor or editor of Piero della Francesca’s Treatise on Painting, The Symbols of Vanitas in the Arts, Literature and Music, Pre-Raphaelitism and Medievalism in the Arts, and Self Portraits of Women Painters. Her major articles include studies on mannerist female painters, Italian and Dutch emblems, Rodin, Whistler and the Italian symbolist Giovanni Segantini. She is currently preparing manuscripts on Giorgio Vasari and on Edward Coley Burne-Jones’s mythological paintings. Essays: Abundance; Fame; Fortune; Honor/Honoring; Imagination/Creativity; Love and Death; Peace; Vanity/Vanitas; Vices/Deadly Sins; Virtue/The Virtues

Petra ten-Doesschate Chu has taught at Princeton University and at Seton Hall University, where she is currently Chair of the Department of Art and Music. Her specialization is in nineteenth-century French and seventeenth-century Dutch art. Among her book-length publications are French Realism and the Dutch Masters (1974), Courbet in Perspective (1977), Im Lichte Hollands (exhibition catalog, 1987, with contributions by other authors), The Letters of Gustave Courbet (1987), and The Popularization of Images: Visual Culture Under the July Monarchy (1994, coedited with Gabriel Weisberg). Essays: Nightmare; Sleep/Sleeping

Julie F. Codell, the Director of the School of Art at Arizona State University, has published numerous articles and book reviews on nineteenth-century British art and has edited the Journal of PreRaphaelite Studies (1991-1994). She is currently preparing a book-length study on artists’ careers and the image of the artist in England in 1870-1914 as well as coediting (with Dianne Macleod) Colonialism Transposed, a collection on the influences of the colonies on Britain. Essays: Artists/Art

Erica Cruikshank-Dodd, Professor of Byzantine and Islamic Art at American University of Beirut and the University of Victoria, British Columbia (retired), has published Byzantine Silver Stamps (1962), Byzantine Silver (1973), and The Image of the Word (1982). She is currently publishing a volume on The Frescoes of Mar Musa al-Habashi, near Nebek, Syria, is working on a publication about the medieval frescoes in Lebanon, and is working on inscriptions of the Wazir Khan of Lahore, Pakistan. Essays: Light I: The Lamp in the Niche; Logos/Word; Offering

Don Denny, Professor in the Department of Art History and Archaeology at the University of Maryland, College Park, is the author of The Annunciation from the Right and various articles in such periodicals as Art Bulletin and Gazette des Beaux-Arts. Essays: Annunciation; Apocalypse; Baptism

Eugene Dwyer, Professor of Art History at Kenyon College, is a classical archaeologist who has written on Roman sculpture and architecture and on the classical tradition. His works include Pompeian Domestic Sculpture (1982), articles in European and American journals, and collections of essays. Essays: Destruction of City; Envy; Evil Eye; Excess; Gaze; Luxury; Voyeurism

Alicia Craig Faxon, Professor of Art History and Chair of the Department of Art and Music, Simmons College, Emerita, is the author of Dante Gabriel Rossetti (1989) and A Catalogue Raisonné of the Prints of Jean Louis Forain (1982). She is also the coeditor of and a contributor to Pre-Raphaelite Art in Its European Context (1994) and Pilgrims and Pioneers: New England Women in the Arts (1987). She has also published articles in such periodicals as Art Bulletin, Master Drawings, Journal of Pre-Raphaelite Studies, Visual Resources, and History of Photography. She is working with colleagues Liana Cheney and Kathleen Russo on a book, Self-Portraits of Women Painters. Essays: Bath/Bathing; Crucifixion; Damned Souls; Dance/Dancers/Dancing; Fatal Woman/Femme Fatale; Hair/Haircutting; Journey/Flight; Kiss/Kissing; Martyrdom; Metamorphosis; Reading; Sacrifice; Shipwreck; Temptation; Visiting/Visitation

Zirka Zaremba Filipczak is the Massachusetts Professor of Art History at Williams College. She is the author of Picturing Art in Antwerp, 1550-1700 (1987) and of articles on sixteenth-and seventeenth-century topics for journals and exhibitions. She guest curated Hot Dry Men, Cold Wet Women, the Theory of Humors and Depictions of Men and Women in Western European Art of the 1600s for the Williams College Museum and for the American Federation of Arts. Essay: Humors

Nancy Frazier is a writer and editor whose published books include Sexism in School and Society (1973), Special Museums of the Northeast (1985), Louis Sullivan and the Chicago School (1991), and Jewish Museums of North America (1992). She is enrolled in the University of Massachusetts American Studies Ph.D. program. Essays: Crucifixion; Judaism

Beth S. Gersh-Nesic is an art historian who wrote The Early Criticism of André Salmon: A Study of His Thoughts on Cubism (1991). She is currently translating Salmon’s 1912 work La jeune peinture française and his 1919 La jeune sculpture française from French into English. Essays: Birth/Childbirth; Drunkenness/Intoxication; Pregnancy

Sarah S. Gibson, retired Librarian of the Sterling and Francine Clark Art Institute in Williamstown, Massachusetts, has published widely on iconography, scientific institutions, and library science. Her most recent publication, with Susan Roeper and Dustin Wees, is Book Illustration from Six Centuries in the Library of the Sterling & Francine Clark Art Institute Library (1990). Essays: Adultery; Bacchanalia/Orgy; Expulsion; Hunting/Hunter/Huntress; Journey/Flight; Serpent’s Bite; Shepherds/Shepherdesses

Elise Goodman is Professor of Art History at the University of Cincinnati and General Editor of the series Studies in Eighteenth-Century Art and Culture. She is the author of Rubens: The Garden of Love as Conversatie à la mode (1992), and numerous articles. She has recently completed the book The Portraits of Mme de Pompadour: Celebrating the Femme Savante. Essay: Female Beauty and Adornment

Dimitri Hazzikostas, Professor of Art History at Pratt Institute, New York, is currently preparing a book on Images of Sleep in Greek Art. Essays: Arms Raised; Grieving/Lamentation

Kathryn Moore Heleniak, Associate Professor of Art History at Fordham University, is the author of William Mulready (1980) and articles in Art Bulletin and Acts of the XXVII International Congress of the History of Art (1992) and in other periodicals. She is preparing a book on the nude in nineteenth-century British art. Essay: Naked/Nude

Claudia Hill has been an editor for the Getty Art History Information Program’s Art and Architecture Thesaurus in Williamstown, Massachusetts, and is currently an architecture cataloger for Avery and Butler Libraries at Columbia University. Essay: Sanctuary

Fredrika Jacobs is an Associate Professor of Art History, with an affiliation with the Department of Women’s’ Studies, at the Virginia Commonwealth University. She has published articles on Italian Renaissance art, critical theory, and women artists in Art Bulletin, Artibus et Historiae, Studies in Iconography, Word & Image, Renaissance Quarterly, and other periodicals. She wrote the book Defining the Renaissance Virtuosa (1997). Essay: Self-Portraits II: Women

Paul Grimley Kuntz, a philosopher interested in iconography, has taught at Smith College, Grinnell College, and Emory University. Among his books are studies of George Santayana, Alfred North Whitehead, and Bertrand Russell. With Marion Leathens Kuntz he has written Jacob’s Ladder and the Tree of Life: Concepts of Hierarchy and the Great Chain of Being (1987) and is preparing another volume on the concept of order. He has also published many articles on metaphysics, aesthetics, and the philosophy of religion. His next book is on the Ten Commandments, with attention to the iconography of Moses, Mount Sinai, and the Tablets of the Law. Essays: Ascent/Descent; Expulsion; Fortune; Order/Chaos; Zodiac

Stephen Lamia is Assistant Professor and Chairman of the Department of Visual Arts at Dowling College. As Director of the Sarah Lawrence College Art Gallery, he curated the exhibition “Egypt: The Source and the Legacy.” He is currently developing a multimedia installation at Dowling College’s Giordano Art Gallery. He is also on the Editorial Board of Mediterranean Studies, an annual volume of essays published in conjunction with Dowling’s interdisciplinary Mediterranean Conference. Essays: Funeral/Burial; Labor/Trades/Occupations; Night

Fritz Laupichler since 1981 has been a collaborator in the Bildarchiv Foto Marburg-Deutsches Dokumentationszentrum für Kunstgeschichte (German Documentation Center for Art History) in Marburg, Germany, and staff member of DISKUS, the database of art and architecture in Germany. He is the coauthor of ICONCLASS Indexes-Italian Prints (1987-) and the author of ICONCLASS Indexes-German Prints (1995-) and of essays on the history of Bildarchiv Foto Marburg. Essays: Madness; Misfortune; Pointing/Indicating

Claire Lindgren, Professor of Art History and Humanities at Hofstra University, is the author of Classical Art Forms and Celtic Mutations (1980) and has been associated with the publication of The Age of Spirituality (1979) and The Society of Independent Artists: The Exhibition Record (1984). She has also written reviews and delivered papers and is working on a book on the art of personal adornment. Essays: Apotheosis/Deification; Calumny; Patronage

Corinne Mandel, an Associate Professor of Art History at the University of Western Ontario, is the author of Sixtus V and the Lateran Palace (1994) and of numerous articles on Italian Renaissance art. She is completing a book on the Vatican Library facade program and carrying out research on the scrittoio of Francesco I in Florence. Essay: Melancholy

Janice McCullogh is an Associate Professor of Art History at Baylor University. She is the author of articles on German expressionism, August Macke, and contemporary topics in Art Bulletin, Arts Magazine, Ceramics Monthly, German-American Cultural Review, and other periodicals and books. Essays: Hanging; Upside Down

David D. Nolta has taught art history and literature at Yale University and at the Massachusetts College of Art, where he is currently Assistant Professor of Critical Studies. His published work includes articles on Christina Rossetti, seventeenth-and eighteenth-century Italian painting, and eighteenth-and nineteenth-century British art. Essay: Sublime

Edward J. Nygren is Director of the Art Collections at the Huntington Library, Art Collections and Botanical Gardens in San Marino, California. He has written on British and American art of the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. Essay: Money

Valerie (Hutchinson) Pennanen, an independent scholar, has published on the cult of Bacchus, including Bacchus in Roman Britain: The Evidence for His Cult (1986). She has also published the Instructor’s Manual to accompany the third edition of Frederick Hartt’s Art: A History of Painting, Sculpture, and Architecture (1989). In addition to her work in Greek and Roman Art, she is also interested in sacred and spiritual themes in world art. Essays: Communion; Ecstasy

Karen Pinkus, Assistant Professor of French and Italian and of Comparative Literature at the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, is the author of Daily Regimes: Italian Advertising Under Fascism (1995) and Picturing Silence: Emblem, Language, CounterReformation Materiality (1996). She has also written on various topics in cultural studies, psychoanalysis, race, and gender studies. Essays: Automata; Sport; Widowhood

Yona Pinson has taught Northern European Painting at Tel Aviv University since 1975. An expert on late medieval and Northern Renaissance painting and on iconography, she has published in Artibus et Historiae, Gazette des Beaux-Arts, Source, Corpus of Illuminated Manuscripts, Assaf, and other periodicals. Her current research includes iconographic issues in Hieronymus Bosch’s and Pieter Bruegel the Elder’s works, iconographic aspects of marginalia of late medieval illuminated manuscripts, and human folly in Northern Renaissance art. Essays: Music; Witchcraft/Sorcery

Elizabeth Powers, a Ph.D. in German literature from the City University of New York, is the author of two novels and the coeditor of Pilgrim Souls: An Anthology of Spiritual Autobiography. She contributes regularly on literary subjects to Commentary and other publications. Essay: Choice/Choosing

Helene E. Roberts is the Editor of Visual Resources: An International Journal of Documentation and of the book series Documenting the Image. She has compiled two iconographic indexes of Old and New Testament subjects in works of art and has published articles on visual imagery and on nineteenth-century British art and art criticism. Essays: Abandonment; Light II: Divine, Natural, and Neon

Elaine Shefer, Chair of the Art History Department at Haifa University, is an expert in PreRaphaelite Art. She has published the book Birds, Cages and Women in Victorian and PreRaphaelite Art (1990) and many articles in Journal of Pre-Raphaelite Studies, Art Bulletin, Women’s Art Journal, Journal of the History of Sexuality, and others. She is working on the PreRaphaelites and the fairy tale, Édouard Manet, Jan Vermeer, and American artists at Kibbutz ein Herod in Israel. Essays: Death; Dreams/Visions; Masks/Personae; Mirror/Reflection

M. Ann Simmons is a practicing psychotherapist in New York City, specializing in women’s issues and eating disorders. She has contributed to various seminars and projects and was the Editor of New York Pulse, an electronic publishing project of the New York Times. Her dissertation for a Ph.D. in comparative literature at the Graduate Center of the City University of New York is entitled “Fictions of Femininity: Hysteria in the Fin-de-Siècle.” Her current project is investigating the narratives of multiple personality and their relationship to postmodernism. Essay: Hermaphrodite/Androgyne

Gina Strumwasser, Professor of Art History at California State University at Fresno, is a specialist in Renaissance and Baroque art. She has presented papers and published articles on Jan van Eyck, Leonardo da Vinci, and heroic women from the Old Testament, as well as on problems of gender in art, humor, popular culture, and advertising. Essays: Betrayal; Justice

Margaret A. Sullivan, an independent scholar of the Northern Renaissance, has published Bruegel’s Peasants: Art and Audience in the Northern Renaissance (1994). She also has published articles in Art Bulletin, Artibus et Historiae, and other periodicals. She is preparing a manuscript on satire for publication. Essays: Caricature/Cartoon; Fools/Folly; Peasantry; Physiognomy

Barry Wind, Professor of Art History at the University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, is the author of books on Diego Velázquez’s bodegones, on seventeenth-century genre painting, and on the depiction of deformity in seventeenth-century art. His long and abiding interest in things risible, ranging from works by Caravaggio to William Hogarth, is manifest in articles in such periodicals as Art Bulletin, Journal of the Warburg and Courtauld Institutes, Storia dell’Arte, Paragone, and Arte Lombarda. Essay: Comic

Brucia Witthoft, Professor of Art History, Emerita, Framingham State College, is author of Fine Arts Etchings of James David Smillie (1992) and the exhibition catalog American Artists in Düsseldorf 1840-1865, Danforth Museum of Art (1982). She has also published on the Tacuinum Sanitatis and other medieval and Renaissance topics in Gesta and Artibus et Historiae. Her most recent publication is “Riti Nuziali e loro Iconografia,” a chapter in Storia dei Matrimonio, edited by M. De Giorgio and C. Klapisch-Zuber (the third volume in the series Storia delle Donne in Italia). Essays: Harvesting; Marriage/Betrothal