ABSTRACT
AUTUMN HARVEST UPRISINGS Qiushou qiyi 秋收起義(1927) Peasant rising in Hunan led by Mao Zedong and Qu Qiubai under the orders of the Central Committee of the CCP after the collapse of Guomindang and CCP cooperation following the Shanghai Coup. The insurrection was launched on September 9 with units of the National Revolutionary Army, local peasant militias and workers from the Anyuam colliery and achieved some initial successes including the capture of Liling and other county towns and the destruction of sections of the Guangzhou-Hankou railway. However, they were unable to hold on to their gains in the teeth of GMD and local landlord militias and Mao retreated with the remnants of his army to Jinggangshan on the borders of Hunan and Jiangxi where they regrouped. Although the uprising failed, Mao,'s experience of it convinced him of the importance of peasants in China’s revolution and influenced his long-term political and military thinking.
BA 巴 A state based on the middle reaches of the Yangzi River and the valleys of the Han and Jialing Rivers in modern eastern Sichuan that formed a buffer between the state of Shu to the West and Chu to the East in the Warring States period. Its culture shared some features with that of Shu, although it retained distinctive characteristics such as its boat-shaped coffins. Its geographical position meant that it was more directly involved than Shu in the politics and warfare of the central states. Following the Qin state’s annexation of Shu in 316 BC Ba also became a commandery, and the resultant control of the Han and Yangzi Rivers was an important part of the Qin strategy leading to the defeat of Chu in 278. Liu Bang, founder of the Han dynasty, had previously been enfeoffed by Xiang Yu as king of the former territories of Shu and Ba. S.F. SAGE, Ancient Sichuan and the Unification o f China (State University of New York Press, 1992).
