ABSTRACT
An examination of the Neyman–Pearson theory is not for us an option but on the contrary a most pressing necessity. The reason is this. As we shall show in a moment, the Neyman–Pearson theory in certain circumstances gives results which directly contradict our own approach based on the falsifying rule. As the Neyman–Pearson theory is still the generally accepted theory of testing statistical hypotheses, this fact could be used as a strong argument against our views. Our reply to this argument will be to criticize the Neyman–Pearson theory and to suggest that it, rather than our falsifying rule, should be given up. First, however, it would seem desirable to summarize the main points of the Neyman–Pearson theory as briefly as possible.
