ABSTRACT
I struggled through the alphabet as if it had been a bramble-bush; getting considerably worried and scratched by every letter.
Charles Dickens (1861, p. 79)
Literacy refers to those behaviors that are related to receptive (listening, reading) and expressive language (speaking, writing) (Saracho, 2004). Most young children begin to read at a very early age (Saracho, 2002c). According to Ferreiro and Teberosky (1983):
it is absurd to imagine that four-or fi ve-year-old children growing up in an urban environment that displays print everywhere . . . do not develop any ideas about this cultural object until they fi nd themselves in front of a teacher (p. 12).
