ABSTRACT
A a, an, a certain one pron walJ, walJji [wao
is used for 'real' entities which are normally past or present]; wic'asa walJ walJblake I saw a man, wowapi walJ bluha I have a hook; [waoF is used for hypothetical items, usually in questions or future events] wicazo walJji luha hwo have you got a pencil, wowapi walJji op'et'ulJ mnilJ kte 10 I will go and huy a hook Q some eya, k'eya
abandon, desert, leave behind va ulJyalJ nap'a/nawap 'e, ulJyalJ iyaya/iblable, ilipeya iyaya/iblable, ayustalJ /ablustalJ , ayulilagalJ / ablulilagalJ; ulJyalJ nawic'ap'e he ahandoned them, ulJyalJ iwic'ablable I abandoned them, ulJyalJ imayayapi they left me behind, ilipeya iwic'ayaye he abandoned them
abandon, not; stay with constantly va ayulilagalJ sni/ablulilagalJ sni
abase, humble, bring down va yuhuk ' uyal bluhuk'uya, yuhuk'ul iyeya/iyewaye
abash, embarrass va istelyalistelwaye abashed, be; be ashamed vn istecal
imasteca abate, lessen, calm down (of weather) v
asni abcess, be an; suppurate v t'ulJyalJ abbey n wic'asa wak'alJ t'ipi abbreviate va yuptecelalbluptecela abdomen, stomach n t'ezi, page, c' eyohe;
n supute lower abdomen, nige t' alJka aupi swelling of the abdomen and limbs (a sickness of the Sioux)
abduct, seduce a woman va wiinalimal wiinawalime
abeyance, be in v ilJyalJke sni ability n wookihi abject, be; be useless vn wante sni sical
mawante sni sice ablaze, be vile -able suff -p ' ica/map'ica; eC'ulJp'ica it is
doable, can be done , yuasnip ' ica sni he is unconsolable, takomni lena t'ip ' ica sni yelo certainly this place is unlivable in, it is impossible to live here DEL 262, okihip'icasni it is impossible to do, iyaulJpemap'ica sni yelo I am unblamable, blameless BD, wec 'eyamap' ica I am dependable BD
able, be; can va okihi/owakihi able, make oneself vrefl okihiic'iya/okihi-
mic ' iye able, efficient person n waokihika ably, well adv was 'agya abnormal, be; be deformed vn ostel
omaste, osteka/omasteka aboard (a boat) postp ogna; wata walJ ogna
iyotakapi they went aboard a boat BH 218 abode, home (as of a region or building) n
t'ipi , ot'i; Mnik'alJoju t'ipi the home of' the Minneconjou
abolish, finish va enakiya/enawakiye, pajuju/wapajuju; va yusni/blusni abolish. eradicate (ofa custom)
aboriginal people n ikce wic'asa abortion n okaskalJ t'ulJpi abortion, have an; have a still born child
vrefl oikpat'a/omikpat'e, va okaskalJ t ' ulJ/wat'ulJ, hoksi hiyuya/hiyuwaye,
abound, be many vn otapilulJkotapi (can occur without -pi): pte ota buffalo were in abundance
about I , concerning postp ulJ, etkiya; wolake ki ulJ lec'el ulJkeyapi kte 10 we will say this about what you have told (us) DEL 250, ehalJni SilJte Gleska wic'asa it'ac'alJ etkiya takulJl slolyaya hwo do you know anything about Chief Spotted Tail of long ago ww 114 [often occurs as part of the verb as a prefix i-, 0-, or a-]; iwoglaka talk about, awac'ilJ think about, onan'ulJ hear about, ilowalJ sing about (a thing), kicilowalJ sing about (a person)
about2, approximately adv wahec 'el, c'el, wahec'etuya, wahec'etu, ec'etu, wahe-
c'ekcetu (distributive): opawll)ge num wahec'etupi they were aboul Iwo hundred in number, mak'iyut'api wikccmna wahec'etu il is about ten miles [for time expressions ll'ahehal)/); mazaskal)skal) napciyul)ka wahehal)l al ahout nil/e 0' clock cod I
about\ closely, nearbye adl' ogmiyelici about to, intending to suff-kta/e; iblamnil)
kta hal)l when I was ahout to go out above postp iwal)kab/miwal)kab; niwal)kab
ahove you, wic'iwal)kab ahove them, miwal)kab inajil) he stood ahol'e me liT 275
above, high up adv wal)kcib, wal)kal, wal)katuya
above, be v iwal)kabtu; woilake ul) ki he it'ac'al)ye ki he iwal)kabtu sni the servant is not higher than the master I!H 272
abreast, in a row adv ipcitkuga, ipatkuliya, ociblagal), ociblagaheya
abreast of, equal with postp iyotatkul)s: ic'iyotatkul)s abreast of each other
abroad, overseas adv k'oakatal); T'ul)kasila T'awapaha k'oakatal) najil) yelo the President :1' Flag stands over the water (part of the most famous Lakota veteran's song): adv manil)l abmad, not at home, out of camp; manil)l et'ipi they lived awayfivm the camp
abrupt, be; be disdainful, proud I'a iwakta sni/iwawakta sni, ayute sni/ablute sni
abruptly, suddenly adv ul)gnahal)la, ul)gnahela
abscond va nalimala iyaya/iblable absent, be va el op'a sni/owap'a sni, el lll)
sni/waul) sni; vn wac'il)gnuni/wac'il)- magnuni be absent in the mind, mad
absent oneself vr~fl iglut'ok'al)/miglut'- ok'al)
absolutelyl, very suff -lica/e; lena hec'etu lica slolwaye I knrJ»' these things to he absolutely true BT 198, waste liea absolutely, velY good, slolyaya lica hwo do you know ahsolutely ie are you sure, okalinigapi lice sni they didn't understand absolutely, tuweni lici Ul) 8ni there was absolutely no one there, Lak'otiapi lice sni they do not speak Lakota vefJ' well DIF; adv ataya, citayas; ataya liugnaliyapi they burnt it up absolutely DIF
absolution n woyuske; va woyuske la/wala ask for absolution
absolve of, forgive for va kicipajuju/ wecipajuju
absorb v yuliepa, yuskepa abstain froml, not use va UI) sni/mul) snil
nUl) sni abstain from2, restrain oneself from vrefl
etal)hal) igluha/migluha, iglulieyap'a/miglulieyap'a; mak'a ki el taku asape etaIJhal) igluhapi they ahstained from al/unclean things upon the earth DIF
abstain from food, fast vrefl akin 'al)ic 'iya! akili'al)mic'iye
abstruse, be; be difficult to understand I' ookalinili sica/e
absurd, be v eyep'ica sni absurd, something; something laughable
n woilia: adv wowiliaya absurdly; wowiliaya ak'e ul)kiglakapi it would be absurd for us to move camp again DEL 265
abundance, have in vn wiyat'agle/wiyamat'agle
abundance, in; in great numbers adv pahahayela, paha ahayela; paha ahayela waiglamnawic'ak'iyapi s'a they allowed them to earn in abundance, a great amount DIF
abundant, be vn ota/ul)kotapi, v otal)tul) abusel, maltreat va kakisya/kakiswaye,
sicaya k'uwa/wak'uwa, sicaya ec'akicul)/ cc'awec'ul)
abuse2, slander, insult va ostegla/ostewagle, yasica/blasice, el igle/iwagle
abuseJ, treat badly, like a dog, destroy one's mainstay va akili'al) sUl)kecal awakili'al) sUl)keca
abyss, be an; be a gorge v okiksa hal)/e academy, university n woul)spe wal)katuya accelerate, make go fast va yuoli'al)k'ol
bluoli'al)k'o acceptl, take va icUiiwacu; v oicu sice he
difficult to accept; taku eyapi ki hena oicu sice what they said was difficult to accept STO
accepe (of a proposal), agree to va wicalal wicawala, iyowil)yal)/iyowil)waye (also
means 'permit'), iy6kiciwiI)yaI)/iy6weciwiI)yaI)*
accept' (as of a suitor) va wicakicila/ wicawecila; lila wiI)yaI) ki iyokip'i na wicakicila and the woman was vel)' pleased and accepted him DEL 142
access n oau, oihuI)ni accessible, be; be easy to reach v oihuoni
waste, oye waste; oicu waste easy to obtain
accident, unintentional event /I wanuo w6akip'a; n wakip'api accident, casualtv
accident, have a car; have a wreck \'n kaptaoyao/makaptaoye; nicaptaoyalJpi YOLI (plur) had an accident
accidentally adv wanu, wanlllJ, osteya acclaim, cheer for va akis'a/awakis'a acclimatized to a place, become \'n
mak 'iyokip'i/mak 'iyomakip'i accomodate, make room for (sby) va
kiyuk 'ao/wakiyuk'e accomodating, be; be easy going \'(/
wawiyowioyal)/wawiyowil)waye accompanyl, go with va kic'i ya/ble lob
va/ble if plural object; notice that the object is marked on the verb]; kic'i mayaI)pi they wellt with me, ob niyaopi they went with VOli pI, kic'i c'iyiO kte I will go with you; \'a waw6kiya/waw6wakiye accompany, be a helper of
accompany2, sing along with \'(/ aglata/ awaglate
accomplish l, complete va yustal)/blustao accomplish2, fulfill \'(1 yuec'etu!bluec'etu;
wic'asa wokcal) taku eyapi k'uO hena yucc'etupi kta Ul) in order to fit/fil the words of the prophets BH 25R
accomplishments, deeds n oll'al)ye accord, of one's own adv iyec'il)kal
llliyec'ioka; niyec'il)ka wic'asa it'ac'ao nic'icagc oyakihi sni you cannot become a chiefo{your own accord SDL 46
accordance with, in postp ogna; nioie ki he ogna kte 10 let it be in accordance with youI' words, wicasa wao t'awicu ki taku ke c'eyas Ul) inpeye ki he woop'e ogna hwo if a man divorces his wife for some reason is it in accordance with the law sc 255, hec'el slolwaye ciI) ogna obiakio kte 10 1 will tell it thus in accordance with what I know BO II, wic'on'aI) nca ogna lllanipi they walk (act) according to the cllstom DlF
according tol, in accordance with postp ognayal); iyukcaI)pi k'uI) ognayal) in accordance with what they had thought, lowal) k'ilI) ognayaI) according to her song; adv ektasniyaI) not according to custom
according to2, as postp ec'iyataI)hal); onawan'ul) ki ec'iyataI)haI) according to what I have heard, as I have heard cor 105
accordinglyl adl' ec'el; hekta uo hehal) tok'el yaskal)pi k'ul) ak'e ec'el ec'ul) po as YOli used to acl long ago, do again accordingly BT 157
accordingly2, as was arranged, expected phrase hec'eea kte k'uO; c'al)ke waona hec'eca kte C'uI) paha ainab hinajio accordingly now as il was arranged he stuod behind Ihe hill DEL 170
account, n wic'iwiyawa; n oicazo owapi debt account
account of, give an \'a oyaka/oblake accountant n oicazo owa, mazaska kaso-
tapi wiyawa accrue, grow on (of interest or other) I'
aic'aga accumulate, become more (as of money,
property) v igluota; va kpamnilwakpamni acclImulale, collect (possessions)
accuracy n yusna sni ec'uopi accurate, to the point adv ektahci accurate, be (in one's actions, statements)
va wayusna sni/wablusna sni accurately aelv yusna sni; OW<ll)yaoke
tok'eca ki tal)yenci yusna sni ul)yasupi uI)kokihipi sni we cannul judge acclIrate/I' and lI'ellll'hclI his appearance was like WT 57
accusation n wl)iyauI)pe, iyaul)papi, wiwic'agnupi
accuse of, suspect of va iyituopa/iyawauopa, el ayaJable; va ignu/iwagnu accuse of' a faull, critici:::e; tuwa hUI)ke sni ignupi ki he hektakiya t'itakuye rawic'oul)pi ogna mani sni c'a he Ul) hekiyapi whoever they accused of' weakness, they said that 10 him because he did nol live (lit 'walk') in the old ways of' his relatives DIF
accustomed to, be v au/aupi; wic'on'ao ec'il)snisniyaI) ec'uI) aupi they became accustomed to behaving wrongly BH 44; vn oiyokip'i/oiyolllakip'i be accustomed
to, be happy in; wac'ekiyapi oiyomakip'i f am accustomed to, happy in praying; vn aosutalaomasuta be accustomed to, hardened to; sUlJkakalJyalJkapi aomasuta f am accustomed to riding
achel, pain, illness n woyazalJ ache2, hurt vn yazalJ/mayazalJ; si mayazalJ
my tooth aches achieve, bring near va owasya/owaswaye
[normally used in the negative]; owaswaye sni I did not achieve it
acid n wak'alJgli mni; n magaju taku sica icahiye acid rain
acid, be; be sour v skumna acorn n uta acquainted with, be; know \'{/ slolyai
slolwaye acquire va okini/owakini, kamnalwakam-
na, igniliwagni (kamnci/lI'akamna also means 'earn'); niyec'ilJka hena iyagnipi ktelo you will acquire these things on your own BT 142; \'(/ akamna/awakamna acquire in addition to
acquit, clear of a crime 1'£1 wayuskal wabluska
acre n mak'aospe, wojiyut'api acrossl, through postp opta; mni ki opta
ak'iyuwega they went across the ri\'er BT 257, mni walJ k'e C'lIlJ he opta k'iglapi they went back across the lake that he had mentioned DEL 186, c'ul)soke ki opta yahe he was going across the wood BO I, blaye wal) opta ye he "rent across a plain BO 6
across2, on the other side ad\' k'oakatalJ, ak'okiya, ak'asalJp'a; ble ki ik'oakatal)- halJ ul)yal)pi ktelo \'I'e will go across (to the other side of) the lake BH 218
across\ across one's path obliquely ad" glakil)yalJ; wakpa wal) ot'al)kaya glakil)yal) \i.paye a wide river lay across their path BT 234, mak'a ki glakilJyal) nasleca the earth split upen across their path BT 234
across\ crosswise adv ic'ipawenya across5, straight across by a short cut ad\'
ak'okab, ak'okabya, ak'okabyela; ak'okab ya he went straight across
across the river frompostp iyuwental)hal); Mak'a T'ipi el iyuwental)halJ kanmi wal) el wic'ot'i they lived in a bend across the river/rom Chamberlain BO 103
act, do something va skalJ/waskalJ, n'al)/ wa\i.'alJ; tok'esk'e skalJ yo do something;
okic'ize el zilJtkala iyec'el skal)pi in battle they acted (moved) like birds BT 344, tok'e\ \i.'al)p'ica hecil)hal) iyukcal) waku f came home wondering what could be done DEL 278; va waec'ulJl wacc'amulJ to act, behave; vrecip waec' akic' icul)pi/waec' a Ul) kic' icul)pi act towards each other; ohilJni kic'iyuonihal)yalJ kic'ic'uwapi na waec'akic'icUl)pi they always behaved and acted lI'ith mutual respect towards each other BO III
act for oneself vreff ic'iskalJ/mic'iskalJ action, deed n on'al), wic'on'al), woec'ul);
(on 'alJ has the meaning 'manner of behaviour') on 'al) waste good natured; (\'I'()ec 'UIJ can mean 'deed' or 'ceremony' as can wic 'ali 'alJ which also has the meaning of 'exploits') wic'oll'al) wasteste brave exploits
active, bel; be energetic, lively vn bliheca/ mabliheca, spuke snilmaspuke sni, npeca sni/manpeca sni; vre.ff skil)c'iya/skil)- mic'iye; wic'on'al) ki lena el skil)c'iyapi ther were l'e/1' active in these actil'ities activ~, be2; move about, work va skal)l
waskalJ; na wal)na oyate k'ul) oimniciye na lila ok'oya skalJpi and now the people assembled and were working excitedly BT 39, lila ohitiyela skalJPi they were moving ahout .Ii/riouslv, energetical~\' BO 110
activity I , work n WOCC'UI), wic'o!;kil)c'iye, woskil)c'iye: mak'a owal)caya t'oskil)- c'iye ki wal)na slolyapi they noll' know o{ his actil'ities all over the II'odd WT 5
activity2, industry, energy n wobliheca, wic'obliheca; n ok'oke activity, commotion
actual, real phrase e nca; c'al)nulJpa e nca wal) el yalJke Imi ki he the PICt that the aCfllal pipe was not in it STO
actual, real thing or event, truth n wowic'ak'e; he wowic'ak'e nail)s wic'owoyake hec'a hwo is that the truth or a stO/1'
actually, really adv awic'ak'eya add tol va aegnaka/aewagnake, el aop'eya-
k'iya/aop'eyawak'iye; el aop'eyawak'iyil) kte f will add it on to it
add t02, embellish (a story or account) va aoyaka/aoblake
addition n akab lenakeca addition, in coni, adv agna
addition to, be in; be large on vat'alJka address I (on a letter) n mak'oc'ajeyate; n
wic'ac'aje wowapi address book address2, call to va hoyek'iya/hoyewak'iye address3, speak to va wac'ekiya/wac'ewa-
kiye adept, be; be skillfull va wayup'ikal
wablup'ike adhere to, stick to vn ik'oyaka/ik'o-
mayake, iyaskapa/iyamaskapa adherent, member (of a group) n op'eya
UIJ adhesive, glue n wiyaskabyapi, c'ulJpeska adjacent, next adv iyok'ihe adjourn va enakiya/enawakiye adjust va iyut'eya/iyut'ewaye; va paec'etul
wapaec'etu put right in place; yuowot'alJla/bluowot'alJla make right, iyec'elici yuhomni/bluhomni adjust (of a dial)
k'iye administration, government n wokic'ulJze admiration of, express; admire va steW
stew:ila; ulJmapi ki lila stelapi the others expressed their admiration of him DEL 147
admit (into a place) va t'ima hiyuyal hiyuwaye
admonish, reprove, scold va iyop'eyal iyop'ewaye
adore, love va t'eliila/t'ewaliila; vn waStelakap'ica/wastelakamap'ica be adorahle
adorn, decorate va yuwaste/bluwaste; va ayuwilJ/abluwilJ, owilJk'iya/owilJwak'iye adorn with jewels
adroitness, skill n wowayup'ike adult, elder n t'alJkake adulterer n wawic'ilialia adultery n wawic'ilialiapi, nalima skalJpi;
va wiinalima/wiinawalime commit adultelY
advance, go further va iyopteya iyayal iblable
advantage, that which makes one glad n wop'ilaya
adventure, have an; confront danger va taku t'eliike akip'a/awakip'e
adversity n wot'elii; va wot'elii akip'al awakip'e, iyotiyekiya ulJ/waulJ be in adversity
advertise, proclaim va yaot'alJilJ/blaot'alJilJ
advice, good; wise words n woiyaksape; n wowahokulJk' iye moral advice, instruction
advise, warn va wiwahoya/wiwahowaye; tok'el wiwahoc'iyapi ki Ie kiksuya po remember this thing that 1 have advised you about BT 370; va wahokulJk'iyal wahokulJwak'iye advise, instruct
adviser, counsellor n wakic'ulJza; wic'alicala top wakic'ulJza wic'abluha ktelo 1 will have four elders as advisers BT 213
t'ehalJtalJ t'eli'iya ulJkupelo you invited us so we came with difficulty fi"Om alar BT 94
affected by, be (of an illness) I'n ec'ecal emac'eca; taku wic'owayazalJ c'a ec'eca ki owic'akiciyake s'a he told them what illness they were affected by BO 178, walJcag taku ec'eca k'es akisni immediately, whatever he was affected hy, he would he cured BH 202
affectionate, be; be generous va wac'alJteognaka/wac' alJteowagnake
afflict vn (as of a calamity, misfortune) akip'a/amakip'e
afflict, cause to va akip'aya/akip'awaye afford va hec'egla okihi/owakihi (lit 'to be
able to go so far') afraid, be va k'op'egla/k'op'ewagla, vn
nihilJciya/nihilJmiciye, liniyalJyalJ/maliniyalJyalJ; va k'okip'a/k'owakip'e, ik'- op'a/ik'owap'e be afraid of; hilJyalJsglal hilJyalJswagla be a.fi·aid on seeing something terrible; vrecip k'okic'ip'apil k'oulJkic'ip'api be a.fraid of each other; va k'op'eya/k'op'ewaye make alraid
after l , behind postp ihakab, iyohakab; mihakab behind me, nihakab behind you, mihakab upo follow me pi, wic'ihakab a.fier. behind them, ihakab woyute ahipi na hayake k'o after (that) they hrought food and also clothes BT 372, ihakab akic'ita ota ilJyalJkapi many soldiers came running after him BT 49, he iyohakab after that; postp eh:ilJtalJ-
hal), adv hehal)tal) after (of something in the past), since; hehal)tal) waniyetu wikcemna top sam zaptal) Ie hec'etu it happened forty .five years since then (after that) BT 207; postp it'ab, iyM'ab straight after. immediately after; it'ab onloka ki iyeyapi straight after (it) they found the hole DEL 155; (also means 'come after, follow, chase') niyat'ab hi she has come after you
after2, afterwards adv ohakab; adv it'ahena afterwards, later on (referring to an event in the past); na it'ahena he Ate Ptecela e c'a waslolwaye and afterwards J realised that that was Father Lindebner BT 313; t'okMa, t'okatakiya after. later on, in the filture, iyec'ana soon after (in the past)
after3 (of something in the future or in a sucession) adv ak'otal)hal), ak'okiya; July 1st hetal) ak'okiya (lfter July the 1st cor 97, c'etal) t'al)ka t'okaheya t'emni t'a c'a ena yal)ka. Hehal) I ak'- otal)hal) wal)bJi ki yal)ka .first the hawk became exhausted and stopped right there. Then after the eagle stopped BT 95
after, be v ihakabtu; Wanik'iye ihakabtu ki lena those who were (came) after the Saviour STO
after the other, one; repeatedly adv ic'iyok'iheya
afterbirth n t'amni afterlife n wic'oni ohakabtu afternoon, be phrase wic'okal) sam iyaye,
wic'ok'al) sal)pa ehal)l afternoon, in the phrase wic'okal) sam
iyaye hal); phrase wic'okal) sam iyaye k'ul) hehal) (past), wic'okal) sam iyaye c'al)na Ima (general), wic'okal) sam iyaye kil)hal) (future)
again adv ak'e, akta, inul)pa, icinul)pa; ak'e eye he said again, inul)pa wahi kil)hal) when J come again; (in negative sentences the forms inuypani, icinuvpani are sometimes used) icinul)pani okic'ize kte Imi there will be no war again BO 373, icinul)pani oiyokip'iya Wic'ot'i ekta ihul)ni okihi Imi never again will he be able to come happily to the Happy Hunting Ground BO 11, icinul)pa ec'ul) Imi yo don't do it again
against (sby), be; rival, oppose va kic'i paesya ul)/waul)
agel, years old n waniyetu (lit 'winter'); waniyetu nitonakca hwo what is your age, how old are you, waniyetu amake saglogal) J am eighteen
age2, generation n wic'oic'age aged, become; become old vn kal) ayal
amaye agency, place of distribution of goods to
Indians n owakpamni, wawic'ak'uta agenda n taku Ul) iwoglakapi kta agent (Indian Agent of early reservation
days) n wakpamnila, ateyapi ago adv hekta, hektakiya; hekta wi wal)ji
one month ago; (also means 'last') hekta wetu last spring
agony, torture n wokakije agree to something, arrange va yustal)l
blustal), glustal)/waglustal); wal)na Sil)te Glei;ka it'ac'al) kta yustal)pi now they agreed that Spotted Tail should be the chie{BT 362; va kic'i glustal)/waglustal) agree with (sby), arrange with (sby) to do a thing, hec'etula/hec'etuwala agree to, consider right, approve, wicala/wicawala agree to, consent to, approve
agree together vrecip wiwahokic'iyapil wiwahoul)kic'iyapi agree together; vrecip iwahokic'iyapi/iwahoul)kic'iyapi agree together on
agree with the words of (sby) va ikiciyawaste/iweciyawaste; t'al)hal)si Irvine waeye ki he iweciyawaste J agree with what my cousin Irvine says LE 50
agreeable towards, be va tal)yal) c'al)te kiyuza/wakiyuze
agreement, arrangement n woyustal) agriculture, cultivation n ok'ical)ye agriculture, perform; farm va k'ical)yal)l
k'ical)waye aground, go (as of a boat) v azi, v icoga/e
go aground on, drift onto; va azik'iyal aziwak'iye cause to go aground
ague n wic'ac'al)c'al) ahead, before adv t'okMa, t'okap'atal)hal);
adv t'okata, t'okatawap'a ahead, in advance, t'okata, t'okatap'atahal) ahead, in the filture; letal) yamni c'al) t'okata in three days time; iyopteya ahead, through; t'okata pte ota kte 10; waktaya Ul)pO ahead there will be many buffalo; be alert BO 7
aid, help va okiya/owakiye; n wookiye aid, wawokiye aid, helper
Aids (the illness) n k'oska t'alJka aim at va (as with a weapon) epazol
ewapazo; va k'a/wak'e aim at, intend, mean (in speech)
aimless, going round and round adv oyumnimni
mahahela alas excl osti alcohol, whisky n mni wak'alJ; n it6mni
onapusye alcohol treatment centre alcoholic, be va wayatke s'a/wablatke s'a alcoholism n w6yatke isicapi, mniwak'alJ
ik'ujapi alert, be; be sharp vn spuke sni/maspuke
sni; va wakta/wawakta, wac'ilJksab kic'ulJ!wec'ulJ be alert, on the lookout; adv oyuskeya on the alert, liveZv
alertly adv waktaya alibi, have an; prove one's alibi vrefl
iglat'ok'alJ/miglat'ok'alJ alight on, come and (as a flock of birds in a
field) veoll ahiyahalJ alike, bel vrecip ak'ilec'eca/ulJkak'iJec'-
ecapi; t'ipi ki owas'ilJ ak'ilec'eca the tipis were all alike BT 303; adv ak'ilec'elya alike, identical(v
alike, be2; be equal v 6citkulJza/c; adv 6citkuIJs alike. equal
alive, be; live va ni/wani, ni ulJ/waulJ; adv niyakel alive; niyakel c'eulJPapi they roasted him alive BH 162
all, every quant oyas'ilJ, iyuha; oyate oyas'ilJ all the people; adv ataya all (of a mass or none countable object); oyate ki ataya all of the people, oyas'ilJ kinil almost all; k'oyeIa, huteiyulipa, hutipak'oya all, evelything, henala, hehalJyalJ, hec'cgla, hec'eglala all (in the sense of 'no more'); henala owawa kte that is all I have to write, hehalJyela ep'ilJ kte that is aliI have to sa)', hec'egla yac'ilJ hwo is that all you want ww 93; eyala s'e all covered in; we eyala s'e all covered in blood
all over adv sit6mniyalJ; mak'a sitomniyalJ all over the world, t'ac'alJla ki sitomniyaIJ saya apawiIJte he rubbed red paint all over his body IH 17
all right, never mind, doesn't matter v t6k'a sni (can be used as an answer to
along 41
'thank you'); tok'a sni yuha yo it doesn't matter. you can keep it
all right, bel (of a person) vn op'ilomap'i, iyec'etuliyemac'etu; iyemac'etu sni esa namicijilJ ye I am not all right, but please defend me BH 31
all right, be2; be unharmed vn t6k'eca snil t6mak'eca sni, t6kca sni/t6makca sni; tokca sni t'ima hiyotakilJ he came in and sat down unharmed DEL 162
alleviate, lessen va yuaokpani/bluaokpani, yuaopteca/bluaopteca
alliance n w6Iak'ota, w6Iak'otakic'iyapi alligator, lizard n agleska allotment (of land) n w6wakpamni, mak'-
aoiyut'e allow, permit va iy6wilJyalJ/iy6wilJwaye,
iy6wilJk'iya/iy6wilJwak'iye; v iy6k"i permit [but only used in the negative]; iyok'i sni he did not allow; [the causative suffix -k'iya can also be used to mean 'allow, permit'] eyut'ak 'iya/eyut' awak'iye allow to touch
allowance, issue (of food) n w6wic'ak'upi ally n wawic'iya; vrefl kic'icaic'iya/kic'i-
camic'iye ally oneself with; tuwa walJna woak'inice walJji ohiyilJ kte s'elec'eca c'alJna he kic'icaic'iyapi who ever it seems will win a dispute. they alZv themselves with him LE I
almost, nearly post verbal part -nulJ s'e; yuza nUIJ s'e he almost caught him; adv kinil almost; oyas'ilJ kinil, iyuha kinil almost all, sUlJkawak'alJ oyas'ilJ kinil ahiyu almost all the horses arrived BT 371, kigleli kinil au he almost overtook him DEL 84
aloft part a ... ha (occurs usually with pa as in wapaha 'standard'); nape apahaha with hand held aloft
alone adv isnala, walJjila; misnala me alone; walJjila ena najilJ he alone stood there DEL 100
alongpostp ogna; oicago ki ognalalici mak'a ki k'inaksa all along the line (mark) the earth opened up DEL 171; postp aglagla along a line of things, along the banks of a river; Mnisose aglagla along the banks of the Missouri; op'aya along or up or down a thing bounded on either side; wakpala ki op'aya along the course of the river, c'alJku op'aya ya he went along the road; adv iy6pteya along, further ahead
alongside, together with adl' isak'ihya aloud, with a loud voice adv hot'al]kaya Alphabet, the n oowaptaya already, of old adl' ehal]tal], t'al]ni, fal]nis:
fanila 1'a npaya he already lay dead BT 259, hel t'al]nila oyate ul]pi ob ok'iju he joined'vl'ith the people 'vI'ho were alreat(), there BT 371. taku oyas'il] ehal]tal] slolya Ul] she knew everythilzg alrea(~v (before it happened) BO 7 ¢ old
also coni nakul]: nakul] p'a ki alataya slawie'akicic'iyil] he also ('([used their heac/I' to be oiled all O1'er DEL 85: Sl!tf'- k'o, -k'oko, -k'oya: mak'a 1'0 !;ina luta k'o k'u he gal'e them bille earth and scarlet rohes DEL 84
altar n akal]l waul]yal]pi, akal]l wosnapi alter, change \'(/ yut'okecaiblufokeea alternately. by turns adl' ul]ma t'okt'ok,
wal]ji t'okt'ok: wal]ji t'okt'ok natal] hiyupi they attacked olle £l/ter the other in turns BO 110, wal]ji t'okt'ok 10I'iIl'al]- pi they cooked lllte/'llllte~l', by tll/'llS BO 104
although post I'erhal part yes, yesal], yesa, yesas, esa, k'es; mion'aI] ec'etu sni csa, mion'al] wal]ji oe'ic'u kte althollgh 111,1' deeds are Ilot vel:\, lise/it!, !williend YOll one oj'my deeds BT 387, hes nila yes wanteyala sni k'ul] althollgh he asked.f{J1· YOll (in marriage) YOll did not like him DEL 204
aluminium n maza nota always, for ever adv ohil]ni, ohil]niyal],
tohul]hul]nil]yal], part ece:c, eee: taku waste ecce k'oyagk'iyapi they ahmys dressed him in fine clothes 80 II: ath' owal]jila, okiwal]jila; owal]jila ul]sikic'ilaya Ul]po always be kind to each other DEL 195
amaranth n wanpe mak'a ayublaya amass, collect \'(/ kpamni/wakpamni amateur, be vn ul]spe nce sni/ul]maspe nce
sni amazed, be; be frightened I'll inihal]/
inimahaI) (inihal) .~ni implies 'unconcerned, unconcernedly'); inihal] sni iyopteya iyaye he went on unconcerned. unflustered; va stela/stewala he ama=ed. wonder at
amazement n inihal]pi, wowinihal] amazingly, shockingly adv wic'ayu-
s'il]yaye s'e; tal] abies wac'il] yUl]k'al]
wic'ayus'il]yaye s'e iye t'al]ksitku ul]ma ('okap'a k'ul] he e he tried hard to recogni=e her and then amazing~l' (he realized) that it was his elder young sister DEL 177
ambition n wot'awac'il]: \'(/ ayuhel ul]l waul] have an amhition fin' (sth). be intent on (sth); mazaska wal] ecela ayuhel ul]pi their on~\' amhition is to have money LE 66
ambush Il waiyap'epi American, United States Citizen n Mila
Hal]ska American Indian n Ikce Wic'asa; (Lak'ota
can also mean 'Indian') ammend, patch up va iyopat'a/iyowapat'a ammunition, bullets n maza SU, ik'ute.
