ABSTRACT
Under this point, we review brie¯y a range of therapeutic options in addition to those we discuss elsewhere, such as empathy, empathic attunement and the use of self-disclosure. We draw on the list elaborated by Berne (1966) as a basis for discussion and we also draw from our own experience as clinicians. Berne warns throughout his discussion that interventions which are aimed more to gratify the therapist's own need to feel smart than to help the client will not succeed. We are indebted also to many other writers in the ®eld, inter alia Hargaden and Sills (2002) and Spinelli (2007).
